Gerenciar as permissões de usuários e o acesso a aplicativos em uma rede corporativa pode ser uma tarefa difícil e demorada. No entanto, os scripts que lidam automaticamente com essas tarefas podem salvar a vida dos profissionais de TI e dos provedores de serviços gerenciados (MSPs). Hoje, vamos nos concentrar em um script do PowerShell desenvolvido para desativar a Windows Store para todos os usuários e usuários recém-criados usando o AppLocker. Esse script é adaptado para sistemas Windows 10 e Server 2016, oferecendo várias opções configuráveis, como a exclusão de usuários específicos e a segmentação apenas de usuários existentes.
Nesta postagem do blog, exploraremos os diferentes aspectos do script e por que ele pode ser uma adição valiosa à sua caixa de ferramentas de TI.
O roteiro
#Requires -Version 5.1
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Disables the Windows Store for all users and newly created users using AppLocker. Can be given a comma separated list
of users to exclude.
.DESCRIPTION
Disables the Windows Store for all users and newly created users using AppLocker. Can be given a comma separated list
of users to exclude.
.EXAMPLE
(No Parameters)
WARNING: Creating AppLocker rule for user or group "Interactive"...
Registry::HKEY_USERSDefaultProfileSoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStoreRemoveWindowsStore changed from 0 to 1
Registry::HKEY_USERSS-1-5-21-3870645062-3653562310-3850680542-1001SoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStoreRemoveWindowsStore changed from 0 to 1
Registry::HKEY_USERSS-1-5-21-3870645062-3653562310-3850680542-1002SoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStoreRemoveWindowsStore changed from 0 to 1
PARAMETER: -ExcludeUsers "Test1,Test2"
A comma seperated list of users to exclude. Please note newly created users will not have the windows store disabled.
.EXAMPLE
-ExcludeUsers "Test1,Test2"
WARNING: The Following Users and newly created users will not have the windows store disabled. Test1 Test2
Registry::HKEY_USERSS-1-5-21-3870645062-3653562310-3850680542-1002SoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStoreRemoveWindowsStore changed from 0 to 1
WARNING: Creating AppLocker rule for user or group "tuser"...
PARAMETER: -ExistingUsersOnly
This will disable the Windows store for existing users only.
.EXAMPLE
-ExistingUsersOnly
WARNING: Only existing users will have the windows store disabled!
Set Registry::HKEY_USERSS-1-5-21-3870645062-3653562310-3850680542-1001SoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStoreRemoveWindowsStore to 1
WARNING: Creating AppLocker rule for user or group "kbohlander"...
Set Registry::HKEY_USERSS-1-5-21-3870645062-3653562310-3850680542-1002SoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStoreRemoveWindowsStore to 1
WARNING: Creating AppLocker rule for user or group "tuser"...
.OUTPUTS
None
.NOTES
Minimum OS Architecture Supported: Windows 10, Server 2016
Release Notes:
Initial Release
By using this script, you indicate your acceptance of the following legal terms as well as our Terms of Use at https://www.ninjaone.com/terms-of-use.
Ownership Rights: NinjaOne owns and will continue to own all right, title, and interest in and to the script (including the copyright). NinjaOne is giving you a limited license to use the script in accordance with these legal terms.
Use Limitation: You may only use the script for your legitimate personal or internal business purposes, and you may not share the script with another party.
Republication Prohibition: Under no circumstances are you permitted to re-publish the script in any script library or website belonging to or under the control of any other software provider.
Warranty Disclaimer: The script is provided “as is” and “as available”, without warranty of any kind. NinjaOne makes no promise or guarantee that the script will be free from defects or that it will meet your specific needs or expectations.
Assumption of Risk: Your use of the script is at your own risk. You acknowledge that there are certain inherent risks in using the script, and you understand and assume each of those risks.
Waiver and Release: You will not hold NinjaOne responsible for any adverse or unintended consequences resulting from your use of the script, and you waive any legal or equitable rights or remedies you may have against NinjaOne relating to your use of the script.
EULA: If you are a NinjaOne customer, your use of the script is subject to the End User License Agreement applicable to you (EULA).
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
[Parameter()]
[String[]]$ExcludeUsers,
[Parameter()]
[Switch]$ExistingUsersOnly
)
begin {
function Test-IsElevated {
$id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()
$p = New-Object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($id)
$p.IsInRole([System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)
}
function Test-IsSystem {
$id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()
return $id.Name -like "NT AUTHORITY*" -or $id.IsSystem
}
if (!(Test-IsElevated) -and !(Test-IsSystem)) {
Write-Error -Message "Access Denied. Please run with Administrator privileges."
exit 1
}
# Setting up some functions to be used later.
function Set-HKProperty {
param (
$Path,
$Name,
$Value,
[ValidateSet('DWord', 'QWord', 'String', 'ExpandedString', 'Binary', 'MultiString', 'Unknown')]
$PropertyType = 'DWord'
)
if (-not $(Test-Path -Path $Path)) {
# Check if path does not exist and create the path
New-Item -Path $Path -Force | Out-Null
}
if ((Get-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -ErrorAction Ignore)) {
# Update property and print out what it was changed from and changed to
$CurrentValue = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -ErrorAction Ignore).$Name
try {
Set-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -Value $Value -Force -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction Stop | Out-Null
}
catch {
Write-Error "[Error] Unable to Set registry key for $Name please see below error!"
Write-Error $_
exit 1
}
Write-Host "$Path$Name changed from $CurrentValue to $($(Get-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -ErrorAction Ignore).$Name)"
}
else {
# Create property with value
try {
New-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -Value $Value -PropertyType $PropertyType -Force -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction Stop | Out-Null
}
catch {
Write-Error "[Error] Unable to Set registry key for $Name please see below error!"
Write-Error $_
exit 1
}
Write-Host "Set $Path$Name to $($(Get-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -ErrorAction Ignore).$Name)"
}
}
# This will get all the registry path's for all actual users (not system or network service account but actual users.)
function Get-UserHives {
param (
[Parameter()]
[ValidateSet('AzureAD', 'DomainAndLocal', 'All')]
[String]$Type = "All",
[Parameter()]
[String[]]$ExcludedUsers,
[Parameter()]
[switch]$IncludeDefault
)
# User account SID's follow a particular patter depending on if they're azure AD or a Domain account or a local "workgroup" account.
$Patterns = switch ($Type) {
"AzureAD" { "S-1-12-1-(d+-?){4}$" }
"DomainAndLocal" { "S-1-5-21-(d+-?){4}$" }
"All" { "S-1-12-1-(d+-?){4}$" ; "S-1-5-21-(d+-?){4}$" }
}
# We'll need the NTuser.dat file to load each users registry hive. So we grab it if their account sid matches the above pattern.
$UserProfiles = Foreach ($Pattern in $Patterns) {
Get-ItemProperty "HKLM:SOFTWAREMicrosoftWindows NTCurrentVersionProfileList*" |
Where-Object { $_.PSChildName -match $Pattern } |
Select-Object @{Name = "SID"; Expression = { $_.PSChildName } },
@{Name = "UserHive"; Expression = { "$($_.ProfileImagePath)NTuser.dat" } },
@{Name = "UserName"; Expression = { "$($_.ProfileImagePath | Split-Path -Leaf)" } }
}
# There are some situations where grabbing the .Default user's info is needed.
switch ($IncludeDefault) {
$True {
$DefaultProfile = "" | Select-Object UserName, SID, UserHive
$DefaultProfile.UserName = "Default"
$DefaultProfile.SID = "DefaultProfile"
$DefaultProfile.Userhive = "$env:SystemDriveUsersDefaultNTUSER.DAT"
$DefaultProfile | Where-Object { $ExcludedUsers -notcontains $_.UserName }
}
}
$UserProfiles | Where-Object { $ExcludedUsers -notcontains $_.UserName }
}
function New-WindowStoreBlock {
param(
[Parameter()]
[String]$User
)
Write-Warning "Creating AppLocker rule for user or group `"$User`"..."
[xml]$AppLockerTemplate = Get-AppXPackage -AllUsers -Name "Microsoft.WindowsStore" | Get-AppLockerFileInformation | New-AppLockerPolicy -User "$User" -Optimize -Xml
$AppLockerTemplate.AppLockerPolicy.RuleCollection.EnforcementMode = "Enabled"
$AppLockerTemplate.AppLockerPolicy.RuleCollection.FilePublisherRule.Action = "Deny"
$AppLockerTemplate.AppLockerPolicy.RuleCollection.FilePublisherRule.Conditions.FilePublisherCondition.BinaryVersionRange.LowSection = "*"
$AppLockerTemplate.Save("$env:TEMPapplocker.xml")
Set-AppLockerPolicy -XmlPolicy "$env:TEMPapplocker.xml" -Merge
Remove-Item "$env:TEMPapplocker.xml"
}
}
process {
if ($env:ExistingUsersOnly) { $ExistingUsersOnly = $env:ExistingUsersOnly }
# This registry key only works sometimes. It's worth setting if its an older windows build or has an older version of the store installed.
$Path = "SoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStore"
$Name = "RemoveWindowsStore"
$Value = 1
# Get each user profile SID and Path to the profile. If there are any exclusions we'll have to take them into account.
if ($ExcludeUsers -or $env:ExcludeUsers -or $ExistingUsersOnly) {
if ($env:ExcludeUsers) {
$ToBeExcluded = @()
$ToBeExcluded += $env:ExcludeUsers.split(",").trim()
}
if ($ExcludeUsers) {
$ToBeExcluded = @()
$ToBeExcluded += $ExcludeUsers.split(",").trim()
}
if ($ToBeExcluded) {
Write-Warning "The Following Users and newly created users will not have the windows store disabled. $ToBeExcluded"
$UserProfiles = Get-UserHives -ExcludedUsers $ToBeExcluded
}
elseif ($ExistingUsersOnly) {
Write-Warning "Only existing users will have the windows store disabled!"
$UserProfiles = Get-UserHives
}
}
else {
$UserProfiles = Get-UserHives -IncludeDefault
}
[xml]$AppLockerXML = '<AppLockerPolicy Version="1"><RuleCollection Type="Appx" EnforcementMode="Enabled"><FilePublisherRule Id="a9e18c21-ff8f-43cf-b9fc-db40eed693ba" Name="(Default Rule) All signed packaged apps" Description="Allows members of the Everyone group to run packaged apps that are signed." UserOrGroupSid="S-1-1-0" Action="Allow"><Conditions><FilePublisherCondition PublisherName="*" ProductName="*" BinaryName="*"><BinaryVersionRange LowSection="0.0.0.0" HighSection="*" /></FilePublisherCondition></Conditions></FilePublisherRule></RuleCollection></AppLockerPolicy>'
$AppLockerXML.Save("$env:TEMPapplocker.xml")
Set-AppLockerPolicy -XmlPolicy "$env:TEMPapplocker.xml" -Merge
Remove-Item "$env:TEMPapplocker.xml"
if (!$ToBeExcluded -and !$ExistingUsersOnly) {
New-WindowStoreBlock -User "Interactive"
}
$script:DisabledWinRun = $true
$failedUsers = @()
# Loop through each profile on the machine
Foreach ($UserProfile in $UserProfiles) {
# Load User ntuser.dat if it's not already loaded
If (($ProfileWasLoaded = Test-Path Registry::HKEY_USERS$($UserProfile.SID)) -eq $false) {
Start-Process -FilePath "cmd.exe" -ArgumentList "/C reg.exe LOAD HKU$($UserProfile.SID) `"$($UserProfile.UserHive)`"" -Wait -WindowStyle Hidden
}
# Manipulate the registry
$key = "Registry::HKEY_USERS$($UserProfile.SID)$($Path)"
Set-HKProperty -Path $key -Name $Name -Value $Value -PropertyType DWord
# This will be our applocker policy we'll need to tweak it prior to running it
if ($UserProfile.SID -notlike "DefaultProfile") {
if ($ToBeExcluded -or $ExistingUsersOnly) {
New-WindowStoreBlock -User "$($UserProfile.UserName)"
}
}
if ($(Get-ItemProperty -Path $key -Name $Name -ErrorAction Ignore).$Name -ne $Value) {
$script:DisabledWinRun = $false
$failedUsers += $UserProfile.UserName
}
# Unload NTuser.dat
If ($ProfileWasLoaded -eq $false) {
[gc]::Collect()
Start-Sleep 1
Start-Process -FilePath "cmd.exe" -ArgumentList "/C reg.exe UNLOAD HKU$($UserProfile.SID)" -Wait -WindowStyle Hidden | Out-Null
}
}
Start-Process -FilePath "cmd.exe" -ArgumentList "/C sc config `"AppIDSvc`" start=auto & net start `"AppIDSvc`"" -WindowStyle Hidden | Out-Null
Start-Sleep -Seconds 30
if ($script:DisabledWinRun) {
# All $UserProfiles updated
exit 0
}
else {
$failedUsers | ForEach-Object { Write-Error "Failed to update user `"$_`"" }
Write-Error "One or more user profiles failed to update"
exit 1
}
}
end {}
Acesse mais de 300 scripts no NinjaOne Dojo
Principais recursos do script
Verificação de permissões elevadas
Antes que o script possa fazer alterações, ele verifica se está sendo executado com permissões de administrador. Isso é essencial para aplicar alterações nas configurações do sistema e nas contas de usuário.
Flexibilidade nas exclusões de usuários
Se não quiser aplicar as configurações a todos os usuários, você tem a opção de especificar uma lista de usuários a serem excluídos, separados por vírgula.
Opção apenas para usuários existentes
Se você preferir não afetar as contas recém-criadas, há um parâmetro para isso também.
Manipulação do registro
O script utiliza o Registro do Windows para aplicar as alterações de política, garantindo que elas estejam profundamente enraizadas e sobrevivam às reinicializações do sistema.
Integração com o AppLocker
O script vai além das simples alterações no registro, criando também uma regra do AppLocker para bloquear a Windows Store, adicionando uma camada extra de segurança.
Como os MSPs podem se beneficiar
Personalização específica do cliente
Com a opção de excluir usuários específicos, os MSPs podem adaptar o comportamento do script de acordo com as necessidades exclusivas de cada cliente.
Escalabilidade
Independentemente de você estar gerenciando uma rede de pequenas empresas ou uma corporação multinacional, esse script é dimensionado sem esforço, graças aos seus recursos de automação.
Compliance
Muitos setores exigem diretrizes rígidas de conformidade que restringem o uso de aplicativos. Esse script ajuda a obter essa conformidade, bloqueando o acesso a aplicativos não autorizados da Windows Store.
Serviço de valor agregado
Os MSPs podem oferecer isso como parte de seu pacote de segurança, tornando seu serviço mais atraente para os clientes em potencial.
Concluindo
Segurança e conformidade são dois lados da mesma moeda no gerenciamento de TI. Esse script do PowerShell facilita a realização de ambos, automatizando o processo de desativação da Windows Store em várias contas de usuário, com opções personalizáveis para diferentes casos de uso. Tanto os profissionais de TI quanto os MSPs podem economizar muito tempo, aumentar a segurança e simplificar o gerenciamento ao incorporar esse script em seus fluxos de trabalho regulares.