{"id":208691,"date":"2024-01-19T09:16:49","date_gmt":"2024-01-19T09:16:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/script-hub\/aktivera-minidumpar-pa-windows-powershell\/"},"modified":"2024-03-05T11:32:26","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T11:32:26","slug":"aktivera-minidumpar-pa-windows-powershell","status":"publish","type":"script_hub","link":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/sv\/script-hub\/aktivera-minidumpar-pa-windows-powershell\/","title":{"rendered":"Hur man aktiverar minidumpar p\u00e5 Windows med hj\u00e4lp av PowerShell"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fels\u00f6kning och debugging av datorsystem kr\u00e4ver ofta specialverktyg och skript. En s\u00e5dan metod, som \u00e4r avg\u00f6rande f\u00f6r m\u00e5nga IT-experter, \u00e4r anv\u00e4ndningen av minidump-filer. Dessa filer ger en \u00f6gonblicksbild av det aktiva minnet n\u00e4r en dator kraschar, vilket ger ov\u00e4rderliga data f\u00f6r analys efter kraschen. I den h\u00e4r artikeln beskrivs ett PowerShell-skript som \u00e4r utformat f\u00f6r att automatisera aktiveringen av minidumpar p\u00e5 Windows-system<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Bakgrund<\/h2>\n

F\u00f6r IT-proffs och tj\u00e4nsteleverant\u00f6rer (MSP) \u00e4r m\u00f6jligheten att samla in och analysera kraschdata avg\u00f6rande. P\u00e5 s\u00e5 s\u00e4tt kan de f\u00f6rst\u00e5 varf\u00f6r systemet kraschade och f\u00f6rhindra framtida h\u00e4ndelser. I synnerhet minidumpfiler<\/a> ger precis tillr\u00e4ckligt med data utan att f\u00f6rbruka mycket diskutrymme, vilket g\u00f6r dem till ett f\u00f6rstahandsval f\u00f6r m\u00e5nga experter. Att manuellt st\u00e4lla in generering av minidumpar kan dock vara tr\u00e5kigt, och det \u00e4r h\u00e4r automatisering kommer in i bilden. Genom att anv\u00e4nda skript som det vi ska titta n\u00e4rmare p\u00e5 kan professionella anv\u00e4ndare effektivt konfigurera sina system f\u00f6r att generera minidumpar vid behov.<\/p>\n

Manus<\/h2>\n
<#\r\n.SYNOPSIS\r\n    Turn on mini dumps if they are off, if other dumps are already enabled do not change the configuration.\r\n.DESCRIPTION\r\n    Turn on mini dumps if they are off, if other dumps are already enabled do not change the configuration.\r\n    This will enable the creation of the pagefile, but set to automatically manage by Windows.\r\n    Reboot might be needed.\r\n.OUTPUTS\r\n    None\r\n.NOTES\r\n    Minimum OS Architecture Supported: Windows 10, Windows Server 2016\r\n    Release Notes:\r\n    Initial Release\r\nBy using this script, you indicate your acceptance of the following legal terms as well as our Terms of Use at https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/terms-of-use.\r\n    Ownership Rights: NinjaOne owns and will continue to own all right, title, and interest in and to the script (including the copyright). NinjaOne is giving you a limited license to use the script in accordance with these legal terms. \r\n    Use Limitation: You may only use the script for your legitimate personal or internal business purposes, and you may not share the script with another party. \r\n    Republication Prohibition: Under no circumstances are you permitted to re-publish the script in any script library or website belonging to or under the control of any other software provider. \r\n    Warranty Disclaimer: The script is provided \u201cas is\u201d and \u201cas available\u201d, without warranty of any kind. NinjaOne makes no promise or guarantee that the script will be free from defects or that it will meet your specific needs or expectations. \r\n    Assumption of Risk: Your use of the script is at your own risk. You acknowledge that there are certain inherent risks in using the script, and you understand and assume each of those risks. \r\n    Waiver and Release: You will not hold NinjaOne responsible for any adverse or unintended consequences resulting from your use of the script, and you waive any legal or equitable rights or remedies you may have against NinjaOne relating to your use of the script. \r\n    EULA: If you are a NinjaOne customer, your use of the script is subject to the End User License Agreement applicable to you (EULA).\r\n#>\r\n[CmdletBinding()]\r\nparam ()\r\n\r\nbegin {\r\n    function Set-ItemProp {\r\n        param (\r\n            $Path,\r\n            $Name,\r\n            $Value,\r\n            [ValidateSet(\"DWord\", \"QWord\", \"String\", \"ExpandedString\", \"Binary\", \"MultiString\", \"Unknown\")]\r\n            $PropertyType = \"DWord\"\r\n        )\r\n        # Do not output errors and continue\r\n        $ErrorActionPreference = [System.Management.Automation.ActionPreference]::SilentlyContinue\r\n        if (-not $(Test-Path -Path $Path)) {\r\n            # Check if path does not exist and create the path\r\n            New-Item -Path $Path -Force | Out-Null\r\n        }\r\n        if ((Get-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name)) {\r\n            # Update property and print out what it was changed from and changed to\r\n            $CurrentValue = Get-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name\r\n            try {\r\n                Set-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -Value $Value -Force -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction Stop | Out-Null\r\n            }\r\n            catch {\r\n                Write-Error $_\r\n            }\r\n            Write-Host \"$Path$Name changed from $CurrentValue to $(Get-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name)\"\r\n        }\r\n        else {\r\n            # Create property with value\r\n            try {\r\n                New-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -Value $Value -PropertyType $PropertyType -Force -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction Stop | Out-Null\r\n            }\r\n            catch {\r\n                Write-Error $_\r\n            }\r\n            Write-Host \"Set $Path$Name to $(Get-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name)\"\r\n        }\r\n        $ErrorActionPreference = [System.Management.Automation.ActionPreference]::Continue\r\n    }\r\n    function Test-IsElevated {\r\n        $id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()\r\n        $p = New-Object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($id)\r\n        $p.IsInRole([System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)\r\n    }\r\n}\r\nprocess {\r\n    if (-not (Test-IsElevated)) {\r\n        Write-Error -Message \"Access Denied. Please run with Administrator privileges.\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Reference: https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-US\/troubleshoot\/windows-server\/performance\/memory-dump-file-options\r\n    $Path = \"HKLM:SystemCurrentControlSetControlCrashControl\"\r\n    $Name = \"CrashDumpEnabled\"\r\n    $CurrentValue = Get-ItemPropertyValue -Path $Path -Name $Name -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue\r\n    $Value = 3\r\n\r\n    # If CrashDumpEnabled is set to 0 or doesn't exist then enable mini crash dump\r\n    if ($CurrentValue -eq 0 -and $null -ne $CurrentValue) {\r\n        $PageFile = Get-ItemPropertyValue -Path \"HKLM:SYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlSession ManagerMemory Management\" -Name PagingFiles -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue\r\n        if (-not $PageFile) {\r\n            # If the pagefile was not setup, create the registry entry needed to create the pagefile\r\n            try {\r\n                # Enable automatic page management file if disabled to allow mini dump to function\r\n                Set-ItemProp -Path \"HKLM:SYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlSession ManagerMemory Management\" -Name PagingFiles -Value \"?:pagefile.sys\" -PropertyType MultiString\r\n            }\r\n            catch {\r\n                Write-Error \"Could not create pagefile.\"\r\n                exit 1\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n        Set-ItemProp -Path $Path -Name $Name -Value 3\r\n        Write-Host \"Reboot might be needed to enable mini crash dump.\"\r\n    }\r\n    else {\r\n        Write-Host \"Crash dumps are already enabled.\"\r\n    }\r\n    exit 0\r\n}\r\nend {}<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n\n
F\u00e5 tillg\u00e5ng till \u00f6ver 300 skript i NinjaOne Dojo<\/p>\n
F\u00e5 tillg\u00e5ng till<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Detaljerad uppdelning<\/h2>\n
PowerShell-skriptet i fokus b\u00f6rjar med att kontrollera om systemet har administrat\u00f6rsbeh\u00f6righet. Detta \u00e4r viktigt eftersom \u00e4ndringar i systemregistret, som avses i detta skript, kr\u00e4ver s\u00e5dana beh\u00f6righeter.<\/p>\n
Den viktigaste registerv\u00e4gen av intresse \u00e4r HKLM:SystemCurrentControlSetControlCrashControl<\/strong>. Inom denna s\u00f6kv\u00e4g finns det en specifik registernyckel, CrashDumpEnabled<\/strong>, som styr tillst\u00e5ndet f\u00f6r generering av kraschdumpar.<\/p>\n
Om denna nyckel \u00e4r satt till 0<\/strong> eller inte existerar, indikerar det att crash dumps inte \u00e4r aktiverade. Skriptet kommer sedan att vidta \u00e5tg\u00e4rder f\u00f6r att aktivera skapandet av minidumpar. Dessutom kontrollerar skriptet om det finns en sidfil och skapar en om den saknas eftersom det \u00e4r en f\u00f6ruts\u00e4ttning f\u00f6r att skapa minidumpar.<\/p>\n
Potentiella anv\u00e4ndningsomr\u00e5den<\/h2>\n
T\u00e4nk dig en IT-expert, Bob, som arbetar i en medelstor organisation. Efter flera of\u00f6rklarliga systemkrascher \u00e4r Bob pressad att ta reda p\u00e5 grundorsaken. Ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r att g\u00e5 igenom varje enskild dator distribuerar Bob\u00a0skriptet \u00f6ver alla datorer i organisationen. Detta proaktiva tillv\u00e4gag\u00e5ngss\u00e4tt s\u00e4kerst\u00e4ller att Bob har en minidumpfil redo f\u00f6r analys n\u00e4sta g\u00e5ng en krasch intr\u00e4ffar. Bra jobbat, Bob!<\/p>\n
Alternativt tillv\u00e4gag\u00e5ngss\u00e4tt<\/h2>\n
F\u00f6r att aktivera generering av minidumpar m\u00e5ste man vanligtvis navigera i flera Windows-menyer eller manuellt redigera registret – b\u00e5da tidskr\u00e4vande och felben\u00e4gna uppgifter. Detta skript utm\u00e4rker sig genom att automatisera processen, vilket minskar risken f\u00f6r m\u00e4nskliga misstag och s\u00e4kerst\u00e4ller en konsekvent installation p\u00e5 flera maskiner.<\/p>\n
Vanliga fr\u00e5gor<\/h2>\n