{"id":353687,"date":"2024-09-22T16:52:05","date_gmt":"2024-09-22T16:52:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/script-hub\/surveiller-les-fichiers-texte-powershell\/"},"modified":"2024-10-13T19:04:28","modified_gmt":"2024-10-13T19:04:28","slug":"surveiller-les-fichiers-texte-powershell","status":"publish","type":"script_hub","link":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/fr\/script-hub\/surveiller-les-fichiers-texte-powershell\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment utiliser PowerShell pour surveiller les fichiers texte et d\u00e9clencher des alertes pour les professionnels de l’informatique"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dans le monde informatique actuel, l’automatisation est la cl\u00e9 d’une gestion et d’une surveillance efficaces des syst\u00e8mes. PowerShell, avec ses puissantes capacit\u00e9s de script, est un outil de choix pour les professionnels de l’informatique et les fournisseurs de services g\u00e9r\u00e9s (MSP)<\/a> qui cherchent \u00e0 optimiser leurs flux de travail. L’une des t\u00e2ches les plus courantes consiste \u00e0 surveiller les fichiers texte \u00e0 la recherche d’un contenu sp\u00e9cifique, que ce soit pour suivre les journaux, d\u00e9tecter les erreurs ou alerter sur des informations critiques.<\/p>\n

Le script PowerShell<\/a> que nous pr\u00e9sentons aujourd’hui vous alerte lorsqu’un texte sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9 est trouv\u00e9 dans un fichier texte, ce qui en fait un outil pr\u00e9cieux pour les personnes charg\u00e9es de maintenir l’int\u00e9grit\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes informatiques.<\/p>\n

Contexte<\/h2>\n

Les fichiers texte sont souvent utilis\u00e9s dans les environnements informatiques pour enregistrer des activit\u00e9s, stocker des donn\u00e9es de configuration ou conserver des informations cruciales. La surveillance de ces fichiers \u00e0 l’aide de mots-cl\u00e9s ou de phrases sp\u00e9cifiques est cruciale pour diverses raisons, telles que la d\u00e9tection des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/a>, la garantie de la conformit\u00e9 ou l’identification des d\u00e9faillances du syst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n

Traditionnellement, les professionnels de l’informatique peuvent inspecter manuellement ces fichiers ou utiliser des solutions logicielles complexes pour les contr\u00f4ler. Cependant, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 PowerShell, vous pouvez automatiser ce processus \u00e0 l’aide d’un script simple mais efficace. Ce script est particuli\u00e8rement utile pour les MSP qui g\u00e8rent plusieurs clients et qui ont besoin d’un moyen fiable de surveiller les fichiers texte dans diff\u00e9rents environnements.<\/p>\n

Le script\u00a0:<\/h2>\n
#Requires -Version 4\r\n\r\n<#\r\n.SYNOPSIS\r\n    Alert when the specified text is found in a text file.\r\n.DESCRIPTION\r\n    Alert when the specified text is found in a text file.\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    (No Parameters)\r\n    ## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITHOUT PARAMS ##\r\n\r\nPARAMETER: -Path \"C:\\ReplaceMe\\WithPath\\To\\Text.txt\"\r\n    File path to the text file you would like to monitor.\r\n\r\nPARAMETER: -TextToMatch \"ReplaceMeWithTextToFind\"\r\n   Text to alert on when found.\r\n\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    -Path \"C:\\Test-FileMonitor.txt\" -TextToMatch \"bat\"\r\n    \r\n    [Alert] Found Text!\r\n\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    -Path \"C:\\Test-FileMonitor.txt\" -TextToMatch \"man\" -MatchOnlyOnWholeWord\r\n    \r\n    Text Not Found!\r\n\r\nPARAMETER: -MatchOnlyOnWholeWord\r\n    Alert only when your given 'Text To Match' is not contained in another word.\r\n\r\nPARAMETER: -CaseSensitive\r\n    Alert only when the casing of your specified 'Text To Match' is identical; for example, alert on 'BAT' but not 'bat'.\r\n.OUTPUTS\r\n    None\r\n.NOTES\r\n    Minimum OS Architecture Supported: Windows 10, Windows Server 2012\r\n    Release Notes: Initial Release\r\nBy using this script, you indicate your acceptance of the following legal terms as well as our Terms of Use at https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/terms-of-use.\r\n    Ownership Rights: NinjaOne owns and will continue to own all right, title, and interest in and to the script (including the copyright). NinjaOne is giving you a limited license to use the script in accordance with these legal terms. \r\n    Use Limitation: You may only use the script for your legitimate personal or internal business purposes, and you may not share the script with another party. \r\n    Republication Prohibition: Under no circumstances are you permitted to re-publish the script in any script library or website belonging to or under the control of any other software provider. \r\n    Warranty Disclaimer: The script is provided \u201cas is\u201d and \u201cas available\u201d, without warranty of any kind. NinjaOne makes no promise or guarantee that the script will be free from defects or that it will meet your specific needs or expectations. \r\n    Assumption of Risk: Your use of the script is at your own risk. You acknowledge that there are certain inherent risks in using the script, and you understand and assume each of those risks. \r\n    Waiver and Release: You will not hold NinjaOne responsible for any adverse or unintended consequences resulting from your use of the script, and you waive any legal or equitable rights or remedies you may have against NinjaOne relating to your use of the script. \r\n    EULA: If you are a NinjaOne customer, your use of the script is subject to the End User License Agreement applicable to you (EULA).\r\n#>\r\n\r\n[CmdletBinding()]\r\nparam (\r\n    [Parameter()]\r\n    [String]$Path,\r\n    [Parameter()]\r\n    [String]$TextToMatch,\r\n    [Parameter()]\r\n    [Switch]$WholeWordOnly = [System.Convert]::ToBoolean($env:matchOnlyOnWholeWord),\r\n    [Parameter()]\r\n    [Switch]$CaseSensitive = [System.Convert]::ToBoolean($env:caseSensitive)\r\n)\r\n\r\nbegin {\r\n    # Set Dynamic Script Variables\r\n    if($env:textToMatch -and $env:textToMatch -notlike \"null\"){\r\n        $TextToMatch = $env:textToMatch\r\n    }\r\n    if($env:textFilePath -and $env:textFilePath -notlike \"null\"){\r\n        $Path = $env:textFilePath\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check for local administrator rights.\r\n    function Test-IsElevated {\r\n        $id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()\r\n        $p = New-Object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($id)\r\n        $p.IsInRole([System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check that a path was given and if not error out.\r\n    if (-not $Path) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Error] A filepath is required!\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # If not given text to match error out.\r\n    if (-not $TextToMatch){\r\n        Write-Host \"[Error] Text to match is required!\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Error out if script is running without local administrator rights.\r\n    if (-not (Test-IsElevated)) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Error] Access Denied. Please run with Administrator privileges.\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check that the path given exists.\r\n    if (-not (Test-Path -Path $Path)) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Error] File does not exist!\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check that we're given a file and not a folder.\r\n    $File = Get-Item -Path $Path\r\n    if ($File.PSIsContainer) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Error] Please provide a file path, not a directory.\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    $ExitCode = 0\r\n}\r\nprocess {\r\n    # Check if we were given a binary file and if so error out.\r\n    $ByteCount = 1024\r\n    $ByteArray = Get-Content -Path $Path -Encoding Byte -TotalCount $ByteCount\r\n    if ($ByteArray -contains 0 ) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Error] This script does not support searching binary files!\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Retrieve file contents.\r\n    $File = Get-Content -Path $Path\r\n\r\n    # If file is empty error out.\r\n    if (-not $File) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Error] reading file, file is either empty or you do not have permission to read it.\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Scan through each-line checking for our text.\r\n    $File | ForEach-Object {\r\n        # Based on the parameters given match the text.  \r\n        if (-not $CaseSensitive -and -not $WholeWordOnly -and $_ -like \"*$TextToMatch*\") {\r\n            $Match = $True\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        if ($CaseSensitive -and -not $WholeWordOnly -and $_ -clike \"*$TextToMatch*\") {\r\n            $Match = $True\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        if ($WholeWordOnly -and -not $CaseSensitive -and $_ -match \"\\b$TextToMatch\\b\") {\r\n            $Match = $True\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        if ($WholeWordOnly -and $CaseSensitive -and $_ -cmatch \"\\b$TextToMatch\\b\") {\r\n            $Match = $True\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # If our text matched alert.\r\n    if ($Match) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Alert] Found Text!\"\r\n    }\r\n    else {\r\n        Write-Host \"Text Not Found!\"\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    exit $ExitCode\r\n}\r\nend {\r\n    \r\n    \r\n    \r\n}<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n\n
Description d\u00e9taill\u00e9e<\/h2>\n
Le script fourni est con\u00e7u pour surveiller un fichier texte \u00e0 la recherche d’un contenu sp\u00e9cifique et alerter l’utilisateur lorsque le texte est trouv\u00e9. Voici une description \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape du fonctionnement du script :<\/p>\n
1.\u00a0Param\u00e9trage<\/strong> :<\/h3>\n