{"id":353685,"date":"2024-09-22T16:40:58","date_gmt":"2024-09-22T16:40:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/script-hub\/surveiller-les-fichiers-journaux-macos\/"},"modified":"2024-10-13T19:04:56","modified_gmt":"2024-10-13T19:04:56","slug":"surveiller-les-fichiers-journaux-macos","status":"publish","type":"script_hub","link":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/fr\/script-hub\/surveiller-les-fichiers-journaux-macos\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment surveiller les fichiers journaux sur macOS avec un script Bash personnalis\u00e9 ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dans le monde informatique actuel, il est essentiel de surveiller et de g\u00e9rer efficacement les fichiers journaux pour maintenir l’int\u00e9grit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me et garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Que vous soyez un professionnel de l’informatique ou un fournisseur de services g\u00e9r\u00e9s (MSP)<\/a>, la possibilit\u00e9 de rechercher et d’alerter rapidement sur un texte sp\u00e9cifique dans un fichier journal peut \u00eatre un outil puissant dans votre arsenal. Cet article de blog explore un script Bash<\/a> personnalis\u00e9 con\u00e7u pour alerter les utilisateurs lorsqu’un texte est d\u00e9tect\u00e9 dans un fichier journal sur macOS<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

L’importance de la surveillance des fichiers journaux<\/h2>\n

Les fichiers journaux sont un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel du fonctionnement et de la maintenance des syst\u00e8mes informatiques. Ils contiennent des enregistrements d’\u00e9v\u00e9nements, de processus et d’erreurs qui se produisent sur un ordinateur ou un r\u00e9seau. L’analyse des fichiers journaux permet aux professionnels de l’informatique d’identifier les probl\u00e8mes, d’en rechercher la cause d’origine et de garantir la conformit\u00e9 aux exigences r\u00e9glementaires. Toutefois, l’examen manuel de ces fichiers pour trouver des informations pertinentes peut prendre beaucoup de temps et \u00eatre sujet \u00e0 des erreurs humaines<\/a>.<\/p>\n

C’est l\u00e0 que l’automatisation<\/a> entre en jeu. L’automatisation du processus de surveillance des fichiers journaux et le d\u00e9clenchement d’alertes en cas de d\u00e9tection d’un texte sp\u00e9cifique permettent de gagner du temps et de r\u00e9duire le risque de n\u00e9gliger des probl\u00e8mes critiques. Le script dont nous allons parler est une solution simple mais efficace pour y parvenir sur macOS.<\/p>\n

Le script\u00a0:<\/h2>\n
#!\/usr\/bin\/env bash\r\n\r\n# Description: Alert when the specified Text is found in a text file.\r\n#\r\n# Release Notes: Initial Release\r\n#   By using this script, you indicate your acceptance of the following legal terms as well as our Terms of Use at https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/terms-of-use.\r\n#   Ownership Rights: NinjaOne owns and will continue to own all right, title, and interest in and to the script (including the copyright). NinjaOne is giving you a limited license to use the script in accordance with these legal terms. \r\n#   Use Limitation: You may only use the script for your legitimate personal or internal business purposes, and you may not share the script with another party. \r\n#   Republication Prohibition: Under no circumstances are you permitted to re-publish the script in any script library or website belonging to or under the control of any other software provider. \r\n#   Warranty Disclaimer: The script is provided \u201cas is\u201d and \u201cas available\u201d, without warranty of any kind. NinjaOne makes no promise or guarantee that the script will be free from defects or that it will meet your specific needs or expectations. \r\n#   Assumption of Risk: Your use of the script is at your own risk. You acknowledge that there are certain inherent risks in using the script, and you understand and assume each of those risks. \r\n#   Waiver and Release: You will not hold NinjaOne responsible for any adverse or unintended consequences resulting from your use of the script, and you waive any legal or equitable rights or remedies you may have against NinjaOne relating to your use of the script. \r\n#   EULA: If you are a NinjaOne customer, your use of the script is subject to the End User License Agreement applicable to you (EULA).\r\n#\r\n# Text to trigger on: [Alert]\r\n#\r\n# Below are all the valid parameters for this script.\r\n# Preset Parameter: --file \"\/opt\/MyLogFile.log\" --text batman\r\n#   Alerts when the text \"batman\" is found in the file \/opt\/MyLogFile.log\r\n#    This is Case Sensitive\r\n#     Example where it will alert: \"I am batman!\"\r\n#     Example where it will alert: \"Iambatman!\"\r\n#     Example where it will not alert: \"IamBatman!\"\r\n#     Example where it will not alert: \"I am Batman!\"\r\n#\r\n# Preset Parameter: --file \"\/opt\/MyLogFile.log\" --text Batman --caseInsensitive true\r\n#   Alerts when the text \"Batman\" is found in the file \/opt\/MyLogFile.log, but is case insensitive\r\n#    This is Case Insensitive\r\n#     Example where it will alert: \"I am batman!\"\r\n#     Example where it will alert: \"Iambatman!\"\r\n#\r\n# Preset Parameter: --file \"\/opt\/MyLogFile.log\" --text Batman --wholeWord true\r\n#   Alerts when the text \"Batman\" is found in the file \/opt\/MyLogFile.log, but only if it is a word in a sentence.\r\n#    This is Case Sensitive\r\n#     Example where it will alert: \"I am Batman!\"\r\n#     Example where it will not alert: \"IamBatman!\"\r\n#\r\n\r\n# Determines whether or not help text is necessary and routes the output to stderr\r\ndie() {\r\n    local _ret=\"${2:-1}\"\r\n    test \"${_PRINT_HELP:-no}\" = yes && print_help >&2\r\n    echo \"$1\" >&2\r\n    exit \"${_ret}\"\r\n}\r\n\r\n# Function that evaluates whether a value passed to it begins by a character\r\n# that is a short option of an argument the script knows about.\r\n# This is required in order to support getopts-like short options grouping.\r\nbegins_with_short_option() {\r\n    local first_option all_short_options='ftiwh'\r\n    first_option=\"${1:0:1}\"\r\n    test \"$all_short_options\" = \"${all_short_options\/$first_option\/}\" && return 1 || return 0\r\n}\r\n\r\n# THE DEFAULTS INITIALIZATION - OPTIONALS\r\n_arg_file=\r\n_arg_text=\r\n_arg_caseInsensitive=\"false\"\r\n_arg_wholeWord=\"false\"\r\n\r\n# Help text function for when invalid input is encountered\r\nprint_help() {\r\n    printf '%s\\n' \"Alert when the specified Text is found in a text file.\"\r\n    printf 'Usage: %s [-f|--file [path to file]] [-t|--text [text to search]] [-i|--caseInsensitive <true|false>] [-w|--wholeWord <true|false>] [-h|--help]\\n' \"$0\"\r\n    printf '\\t%s\\n' \"-f, --file: path to a log file\"\r\n    printf '\\t%s\\n' \"-t, --text: text to alert when found\"\r\n    printf '\\t%s\\n' \"-i, --caseInsensitive: search text with case insensitivity (default: false)\"\r\n    printf '\\t%s\\n' \"-w, --wholeWord: search for text as a whole word (default: false)\"\r\n    printf '\\t%s\\n' \"-h, --help: Prints help\"\r\n}\r\n\r\n# Grabbing the parameters and parsing through them.\r\nparse_commandLine() {\r\n    while test $# -gt 0; do\r\n        _key=\"$1\"\r\n        case \"$_key\" in\r\n        -f | --file)\r\n            test $# -lt 2 && die \"Missing value for the optional argument '$_key'.\" 1\r\n            _arg_file=\"$2\"\r\n            shift\r\n            ;;\r\n        --file=*)\r\n            _arg_file=\"${_key##--file=}\"\r\n            ;;\r\n        -f*)\r\n            _arg_file=\"${_key##-f}\"\r\n            ;;\r\n        -t | --text)\r\n            test $# -lt 2 && die \"Missing value for the optional argument '$_key'.\" 1\r\n            _arg_text=\"$2\"\r\n            shift\r\n            ;;\r\n        --text=*)\r\n            _arg_text=\"${_key##--text=}\"\r\n            ;;\r\n        -t*)\r\n            _arg_text=\"${_key##-t}\"\r\n            ;;\r\n        -i | --caseInsensitive)\r\n            test $# -lt 2 && die \"Missing value for the optional argument '$_key'.\" 1\r\n            _arg_caseInsensitive=\"$2\"\r\n            shift\r\n            ;;\r\n        --caseInsensitive=*)\r\n            _arg_caseInsensitive=\"${_key##--caseInsensitive=}\"\r\n            ;;\r\n        -i*)\r\n            _arg_caseInsensitive=\"${_key##-i}\"\r\n            ;;\r\n        -w | --wholeWord)\r\n            test $# -lt 2 && die \"Missing value for the optional argument '$_key'.\" 1\r\n            _arg_wholeWord=\"$2\"\r\n            shift\r\n            ;;\r\n        --wholeWord=*)\r\n            _arg_wholeWord=\"${_key##--wholeWord=}\"\r\n            ;;\r\n        -w*)\r\n            _arg_wholeWord=\"${_key##-w}\"\r\n            ;;\r\n        -h | --help)\r\n            print_help\r\n            exit 0\r\n            ;;\r\n        -h*)\r\n            print_help\r\n            exit 0\r\n            ;;\r\n        *)\r\n            _PRINT_HELP=yes die \"FATAL ERROR: Got an unexpected argument '$1'\" 1\r\n            ;;\r\n        esac\r\n        shift\r\n    done\r\n}\r\n\r\nparse_commandLine \"$@\"\r\n\r\ntext=$_arg_text\r\nfile=$_arg_file\r\ncaseInsensitive=$_arg_caseInsensitive\r\nwholeWord=$_arg_wholeWord\r\n\r\n# Check if Script Variables where used and overwrite command line parameters\r\nif [[ -n \"${textToMatch}\" ]]; then\r\n    text=$textToMatch\r\nfi\r\nif [[ -n \"${textFile}\" ]]; then\r\n    file=$textFile\r\nfi\r\nif [[ -n \"${matchWholeWord}\" ]]; then\r\n    wholeWord=$matchWholeWord\r\nfi\r\nif [[ -n \"${insensitiveToCase}\" ]]; then\r\n    caseInsensitive=$insensitiveToCase\r\nfi\r\n\r\n# Check if text is not an empty string\r\nif [[ -z \"${text}\" ]]; then\r\n    echo \"[Error] Text not specified\"\r\n    exit 2\r\nfi\r\n\r\n# Check if text is not an empty string\r\nif [[ -z \"${file}\" ]]; then\r\n    echo \"[Error] File not specified\"\r\n    exit 2\r\nfi\r\n\r\n# Does file exit and is readable\r\nif [ -f \"${file}\" ]; then\r\n    echo \"[Info] File \\\"${file}\\\" exists\"\r\n    if [ -r \"${file}\" ]; then\r\n        echo \"[Info] File \\\"${file}\\\" is readable\"\r\n    else\r\n        echo \"[Error] File \\\"${file}\\\" is not readable\"\r\n        exit 2\r\n    fi\r\nelse\r\n    echo \"[Error] File \\\"${file}\\\" does not exists\"\r\n    exit 2\r\nfi\r\n\r\n# Detect\r\ncount=0\r\nif [[ \"${wholeWord}\" == \"true\" ]]; then\r\n    if [[ \"${caseInsensitive}\" == \"true\" ]]; then\r\n        count=$(grep -c -i -n -w \"$text\" \"$file\")\r\n    else\r\n        count=$(grep -c -n -w \"$text\" \"$file\")\r\n    fi\r\nelse\r\n    if [[ \"${caseInsensitive}\" == \"true\" ]]; then\r\n        count=$(grep -c -i -n -e \"$text\" \"$file\")\r\n    else\r\n        count=$(grep -c -n -e \"$text\" \"$file\")\r\n    fi\r\nfi\r\n\r\n# Alert\r\nif ((count > 0)); then\r\n    echo \"[Alert] Found text in file\"\r\n    exit 1\r\nelse\r\n    echo \"[Info] Not found text in file\"\r\n    exit 0\r\nfi\r\n<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n\n
<\/h2>
<\/p><\/div>
<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n
Comprendre le script<\/h2>\n
Le script fourni est un script Bash con\u00e7u pour rechercher un texte sp\u00e9cifique dans un fichier journal et d\u00e9clencher une alerte si ce texte est trouv\u00e9. Il permet aux utilisateurs de personnaliser les param\u00e8tres de recherche, par exemple en pr\u00e9cisant si la recherche doit tenir compte des majuscules ou des minuscules ou si elle ne doit porter que sur des mots entiers. Voici une description d\u00e9taill\u00e9e du fonctionnement du script.<\/p>\n
Initialisation du script<\/h3>\n
Le script commence par d\u00e9finir quelques fonctions pour g\u00e9rer les erreurs, v\u00e9rifier la validit\u00e9 des arguments et afficher des informations d’aide. La fonction die(), par exemple, est utilis\u00e9e pour mettre fin au script et afficher un message d’erreur en cas de probl\u00e8me. Cette fonction imprime \u00e9galement le texte d’aide si l’option –help est fournie.<\/p>\n
Param\u00e8tres par d\u00e9faut<\/h3>\n
Le script initialise plusieurs param\u00e8tres par d\u00e9faut :<\/p>\n