{"id":353677,"date":"2024-09-18T09:19:23","date_gmt":"2024-09-18T09:19:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/script-hub\/diagnostiquer-les-problemes-de-windows-update\/"},"modified":"2024-10-13T19:04:02","modified_gmt":"2024-10-13T19:04:02","slug":"diagnostiquer-les-problemes-de-windows-update","status":"publish","type":"script_hub","link":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/fr\/script-hub\/diagnostiquer-les-problemes-de-windows-update\/","title":{"rendered":"Guide pour diagnostiquer les probl\u00e8mes de Windows Update \u00e0 l’aide de PowerShell"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le diagnostic des probl\u00e8mes de Windows Update peut \u00eatre une t\u00e2che fastidieuse pour les professionnels de l’informatique, en particulier lorsqu’ils g\u00e8rent plusieurs machines. Les retards ou les erreurs dans le processus de mise \u00e0 jour peuvent entra\u00eener des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, des probl\u00e8mes de conformit\u00e9 et une instabilit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du syst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n

Le script PowerShell<\/a> fourni offre une approche rationalis\u00e9e pour diagnostiquer et r\u00e9soudre les probl\u00e8mes de Windows Update courants<\/strong>, garantissant ainsi que les syst\u00e8mes restent \u00e0 jour et s\u00e9curis\u00e9s. Cet article de blog se penche sur les fonctionnalit\u00e9s du script, explorant comment il peut \u00eatre un outil inestimable pour les professionnels de l’informatique et les fournisseurs de services g\u00e9r\u00e9s (MSP)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Contexte<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Windows Update est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel du maintien de la sant\u00e9 et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d’un syst\u00e8me Windows. Cependant, divers facteurs peuvent entraver son bon fonctionnement, qu’il s’agisse de mauvaises configurations de services ou de probl\u00e8mes de r\u00e9seau. Les professionnels de l’informatique sont souvent confront\u00e9s \u00e0 la t\u00e2che ardue de r\u00e9soudre ces probl\u00e8mes manuellement, ce qui peut prendre beaucoup de temps et \u00eatre source d’erreurs humaines<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Le script PowerShell fourni rel\u00e8ve ce d\u00e9fi en automatisant le processus de diagnostic, ce qui permet d’identifier et de r\u00e9soudre rapidement les probl\u00e8mes courants. En utilisant ce script, les \u00e9quipes informatiques peuvent maintenir l’int\u00e9grit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me, r\u00e9duire les temps d’arr\u00eat<\/a> et am\u00e9liorer l’efficacit\u00e9 globale.<\/a><\/p>\n

Le script\u00a0:<\/h2>\n
#Requires -Version 5.1\r\n\r\n<#\r\n.SYNOPSIS\r\n    Diagnose Windows Update issues.\r\n.DESCRIPTION\r\n    Checks that CryptSvc, and bits or running or not\r\n    Checks that wuauserv is running and the startup type is set correctly.\r\n    Checks WaaSMedic plugins doesn't have issues. (Only applies to OS Build Version is greater than 17600).\r\n    Checks if NTP is setup.\r\n    Checks Windows Update logs for any errors in the last week.\r\n\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    (No Parameters)\r\n    ## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITHOUT PARAMS ##\r\n    [Info] Last checked for updates on 4\/29\/2023\r\n    [Issue] Windows Update has not checked for updates in over 30 days.\r\n\r\nPARAMETER: -ResultsCustomField WindowsUpdate\r\n    Saves results to a multi-line custom field.\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    -ResultsCustomField WindowsUpdate\r\n    ## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITH ResultsCustomField ##\r\n    [Info] Last checked for updates on 4\/29\/2023\r\n    [Issue] Windows Update has not checked for updates in over 90 days.\r\n.OUTPUTS\r\n    None\r\n.NOTES\r\n    Minimum OS Architecture Supported: Windows 10, Windows Server 2016\r\n    Release Notes: Initial Release\r\nBy using this script, you indicate your acceptance of the following legal terms as well as our Terms of Use at https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/terms-of-use.\r\n    Ownership Rights: NinjaOne owns and will continue to own all right, title, and interest in and to the script (including the copyright). NinjaOne is giving you a limited license to use the script in accordance with these legal terms. \r\n    Use Limitation: You may only use the script for your legitimate personal or internal business purposes, and you may not share the script with another party. \r\n    Republication Prohibition: Under no circumstances are you permitted to re-publish the script in any script library or website belonging to or under the control of any other software provider. \r\n    Warranty Disclaimer: The script is provided \u201cas is\u201d and \u201cas available\u201d, without warranty of any kind. NinjaOne makes no promise or guarantee that the script will be free from defects or that it will meet your specific needs or expectations. \r\n    Assumption of Risk: Your use of the script is at your own risk. You acknowledge that there are certain inherent risks in using the script, and you understand and assume each of those risks. \r\n    Waiver and Release: You will not hold NinjaOne responsible for any adverse or unintended consequences resulting from your use of the script, and you waive any legal or equitable rights or remedies you may have against NinjaOne relating to your use of the script. \r\n    EULA: If you are a NinjaOne customer, your use of the script is subject to the End User License Agreement applicable to you (EULA).\r\n#>\r\n\r\n[CmdletBinding()]\r\nparam (\r\n    [int]$Days = 30,\r\n    [string]$ResultsCustomField\r\n)\r\n\r\nbegin {\r\n    if ($env:Days) {\r\n        $Days = $env:Days\r\n    }\r\n    if ($env:resultscustomfield -notlike \"null\") {\r\n        $ResultsCustomField = $env:resultscustomfield\r\n    }\r\n    function Test-IsElevated {\r\n        $id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()\r\n        $p = New-Object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($id)\r\n        $p.IsInRole([System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)\r\n    }\r\n    function Test-WaaSMedic {\r\n        [CmdletBinding()]\r\n        param()\r\n        $WaaS = 0\r\n        Try {\r\n            $WaaS = New-Object -ComObject \"Microsoft.WaaSMedic.1\"\r\n        }\r\n        Catch {\r\n            Write-Host \"WaaS Medic Support: No\"\r\n        }\r\n    \r\n        Try {\r\n            if ($WaaS -ne 0) {\r\n                Write-Host \"WaaS Medic Support: Yes\"\r\n                $Plugins = $WaaS.LaunchDetectionOnly(\"Troubleshooter\")\r\n    \r\n                if ($Plugins -eq \"\") {\r\n                    [PSCustomObject]@{\r\n                        Id        = \"WaaSMedic\"\r\n                        Detected  = $false\r\n                        Parameter = @{\"error\" = $Plugins }\r\n                    }\r\n                }\r\n                else {\r\n                    [PSCustomObject]@{\r\n                        Id        = \"WaaSMedic\"\r\n                        Detected  = $true\r\n                        Parameter = @{\"error\" = $Plugins }\r\n                    }\r\n                    \"Plugins that might have errors: \" + $Plugins | Out-String | Write-Host\r\n                }\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n        Catch {\r\n            Write-Host \"WaaS Medic Detection: Failed\"\r\n        }\r\n        Finally {\r\n            # Release COM Object if we aren't running test cases\r\n            if (-not $env:NinjaPesterTesting) {\r\n                [System.Runtime.Interopservices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject($WaaS) | Out-Null\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n    function Get-TimeSyncType {\r\n        [string]$result = \"\"\r\n        [string]$registryKey = \"HKLM:\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\W32Time\\Parameters\"\r\n        [string]$registryKeyName = \"Type\"\r\n    \r\n        if ((Test-Path $registryKey -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {\r\n            $registryEntry = Get-Item -Path $registryKey -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue\r\n            if ($null -ne $registryEntry) {\r\n                return Get-ItemPropertyValue -Path $registryKey -Name $registryKeyName\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n        return $result\r\n    }\r\n    function Test-ConnectedToInternet {\r\n        $NLMType = [Type]::GetTypeFromCLSID('DCB00C01-570F-4A9B-8D69-199FDBA5723B')\r\n        $INetworkListManager = [Activator]::CreateInstance($NLMType)  \r\n        return ($INetworkListManager.IsConnectedToInternet -eq $true)\r\n    }\r\n    function Get-ComponentAndErrorCode([string]$msg) {\t\r\n        $Codes = [regex]::matches($msg, \"0x[a-f0-9a-f0-9A-F0-9A-F0-9]{6,8}\")\r\n        if ($Codes.count -gt 1) {\r\n            $CodeList = \"\"\r\n            # there can be more than one error code can be returned for the same component at once\r\n            foreach ($Code in $Codes) {\r\n                $CodeList += \"_\" + $Code\r\n            }\r\n            return $CodeList\r\n        }\r\n        else {\r\n            return $Codes[0].Value\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n    function Get-DatedEvents($EventLog) {\r\n        $DatedEvents = @()\r\n        if ($null -eq $EventLog) {\r\n            return $null \r\n        }\r\n        foreach ($Event in $EventLog) {\r\n            #$eventMsg = $event.Message\r\n            $DatedEvents += $Event.Message\r\n        }\r\n        return $DatedEvents\r\n    }\r\n    function Get-SystemEvents($EventSrc, $Time) {\r\n        $Events = Get-WinEvent -ProviderName $EventsSrc -ErrorAction 0 | Where-Object { ($_.LevelDisplayName -ne \"Information\") -and (($_.Id -eq 20) -or ($_.Id -eq 25)) -and ($_.TimeCreated -gt $Time) }\r\n        return $Events\r\n    }\r\n    function Get-HasWinUpdateErrorInLastWeek([switch]$AllLastWeekError) {\r\n        $Events = @()\r\n        $EventsSrc = \"Microsoft-Windows-WindowsUpdateClient\"\r\n        $startTime = (Get-Date) - (New-TimeSpan -Day 8)\r\n        $wuEvents = Get-SystemEvents $EventsSrc $startTime\r\n        if ($null -eq $wuEvents) {\r\n            return $null\r\n        }\r\n        $Events += Get-DatedEvents $wuEvents\r\n        $LatestError = Get-ComponentAndErrorCode $Events[0]\r\n        $ErrorList = @{}\r\n        $ErrorList.add(\"latest\", $LatestError)\r\n        if ($AllLastWeekError) {\r\n            foreach ($str in $Events) {\r\n                $ECode = Get-ComponentAndErrorCode $str\r\n                if ($null -ne $ECode -and !$ErrorList.ContainsValue($ECode)) {\r\n                    $ErrorList.add($ECode, $ECode)\r\n                }\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n        return $ErrorList\r\n    }\r\n    Function Get-LocalTime($UTCTime) {\r\n        $strCurrentTimeZone = (Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_TimeZone).StandardName\r\n        # If running test cases return current date\r\n        if ($env:NinjaPesterTesting) {\r\n            return Get-Date\r\n        }\r\n        $TZ = [System.TimeZoneInfo]::FindSystemTimeZoneById($strCurrentTimeZone)\r\n        Return [System.TimeZoneInfo]::ConvertTimeFromUtc($UTCTime, $TZ)\r\n    }\r\n    $IssuesFound = $false\r\n    $Log = [System.Collections.Generic.List[String]]::new()\r\n}\r\nprocess {\r\n    if (-not (Test-IsElevated)) {\r\n        Write-Error -Message \"Access Denied. Please run with Administrator privileges.\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if (-not $(Test-ConnectedToInternet)) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Issue] Windows doesn't think it is connected to Internet.\"\r\n        $IssuesFound = $true\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check CryptSvc amd bits services\r\n    $Service = Get-Service -Name CryptSvc\r\n    if ($Service.StartType -notlike 'Automatic') {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Issue] (CryptSvc) CryptSvc service is set to $($Service.StartType) but needs to be set to Automatic\"\r\n        $Log.Add(\"[Issue] (CryptSvc) CryptSvc service is set to $($Service.StartType) but needs to be set to Automatic\")\r\n        $IssuesFound = $true\r\n    }\r\n    else {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Info] (CryptSvc) CryptSvc service is set to $($Service.StartType)\"\r\n        $Log.Add(\"[Info] (CryptSvc) CryptSvc service is set to $($Service.StartType)\")\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    $Service = Get-Service -Name bits\r\n    if ($Service.StartType -eq 'Disabled') {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Issue] (bits) BITS service is set to $($Service.StartType) but needs to be set to Manual\"\r\n        $Log.Add(\"[Issue] (bits) BITS service is set to $($Service.StartType) but needs to be set to Manual\")\r\n        $IssuesFound = $true\r\n    }\r\n    else {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Info] (bits) BITS service is set to $($Service.StartType)\"\r\n        $Log.Add(\"[Info] (bits) BITS service is set to $($Service.StartType)\")\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check that Windows Update service is running and isn't disabled\r\n    $wuService = Get-Service -Name wuauserv -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue\r\n    if ($wuService.Status -ne \"Running\") {\r\n        $Service = Get-Service -Name wuauserv\r\n        if ($Service.StartType -eq 'Disabled') {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Issue] (wuauserv) Windows Update service is set to $($Service.StartType) but needs to be set to Automatic (Trigger Start) or Manual\"\r\n            $Log.Add(\"[Issue] (wuauserv) Windows Update service is set to $($Service.StartType) but needs to be set to Automatic (Trigger Start) or Manual\")\r\n            $IssuesFound = $true\r\n        }\r\n        else {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Info] (wuauserv) Windows Update service is set to $($Service.StartType)\"\r\n            $Log.Add(\"[Info] (wuauserv) Windows Update service is set to $($Service.StartType)\")\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check WaaSMedic\r\n    $SupportWaaSMedic = [System.Environment]::OSVersion.Version.Build -gt 17600\r\n    if ($SupportWaaSMedic) {\r\n        $Plugins = Test-WaaSMedic\r\n        $PluginIssues = $Plugins | Where-Object { $_.Parameter[\"error\"] } | ForEach-Object {\r\n            $PluginErrors = $_.Parameter[\"error\"]\r\n            \"[Potential Issue] WaaSMedic plugin errors found with: $($PluginErrors)\"\r\n        }\r\n        if ($PluginIssues.Count -gt 1) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Issue] Found more than 1 plugin errors.\"\r\n            $Log.Add(\"[Issue] Found more than 1 plugin errors.\")\r\n            $PluginIssues | Write-Host\r\n            $IssuesFound = $true\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check if NTP is setup\r\n    if (\"NoSync\" -eq (Get-TimeSyncType)) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Issue] NTP not setup!\"\r\n        $Log.Add(\"[Issue] NTP not setup!\")\r\n        $IssuesFound = $true\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check Windows Update logs\r\n    $EventErrors = Get-HasWinUpdateErrorInLastWeek -AllLastWeekError\r\n    if ($EventErrors.Count -gt 0) {\r\n        if (![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($allError.Values)) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Issue] Event Log has Windows Update errors.\"\r\n            $Log.Add(\"[Issue] Event Log has Windows Update errors.\")\r\n            $errorCodes = $allError.Values -join ';'\r\n            Write-Host \"[Issue] Error codes found: $errorCodes\"\r\n            $Log.Add(\"[Issue] Error codes found: $errorCodes\")\r\n            $IssuesFound = $true\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # If no issues found, get number of days since the last check for updates happened\r\n    if (-not $IssuesFound) {\r\n        $LastCheck = Get-LocalTime $(New-Object -ComObject Microsoft.Update.AutoUpdate).Results.LastSearchSuccessDate\r\n\r\n        Write-Host \"[Info] Last checked for updates on $($LastCheck.ToShortDateString())\"\r\n        $Log.Add(\"[Info] Last checked for updates on $($LastCheck.ToShortDateString())\")\r\n\r\n        $LastCheckTimeSpan = New-TimeSpan -Start $LastCheck -End $(Get-Date)\r\n        if ($LastCheckTimeSpan.TotalDays -gt $Days) {\r\n            $Days = [System.Math]::Round($LastCheckTimeSpan.TotalDays, 0)\r\n            Write-Host \"[Issue] Windows Update has not checked for updates in over $Days days.\"\r\n            $Log.Add(\"[Issue] Windows Update has not checked for updates in over $Days days.\")\r\n            $IssuesFound = $true\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if ($ResultsCustomField) {\r\n        Ninja-Property-Set -Name $ResultsCustomField -Value $($Log | Out-String)\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if ($IssuesFound) {\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n    exit 0\r\n}\r\nend {\r\n    \r\n    \r\n    \r\n}<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n\n
<\/h2>
<\/p><\/div>
<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n
Description d\u00e9taill\u00e9e<\/h2>\n
Le script fonctionne en effectuant une s\u00e9rie de v\u00e9rifications sur les composants et services cl\u00e9s de Windows Update, chacun \u00e9tant essentiel au bon fonctionnement du processus de mise \u00e0 jour. Voici une description \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape du fonctionnement du script :<\/p>\n
1. V\u00e9rification de l’\u00e9l\u00e9vation<\/strong>\u00a0: Le script commence par v\u00e9rifier qu’il est ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 avec les privil\u00e8ges d’administrateur, qui sont n\u00e9cessaires pour modifier les services du syst\u00e8me et acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des journaux sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/p>\n
2. Test de connectivit\u00e9 Internet<\/strong>: Il v\u00e9rifie si le syst\u00e8me est connect\u00e9 \u00e0 l’internet, ce qui est indispensable pour t\u00e9l\u00e9charger les mises \u00e0 jour.<\/p>\n
3. Contr\u00f4les d’\u00e9tat des services<\/strong>:<\/p>\n