{"id":353652,"date":"2024-08-27T09:30:19","date_gmt":"2024-08-27T09:30:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/script-hub\/activer-des-comptes-utilisateurs-linux\/"},"modified":"2024-10-13T19:08:11","modified_gmt":"2024-10-13T19:08:11","slug":"activer-des-comptes-utilisateurs-linux","status":"publish","type":"script_hub","link":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/fr\/script-hub\/activer-des-comptes-utilisateurs-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment activer des comptes utilisateurs sous Linux \u00e0 l’aide d’un script Bash automatis\u00e9 ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

La gestion efficace des comptes utilisateurs est une t\u00e2che cruciale pour les professionnels de l’informatique et les fournisseurs de services g\u00e9r\u00e9s (MSP)<\/a>. Une partie importante de cette t\u00e2che consiste \u00e0 activer et d\u00e9sactiver les comptes d’utilisateurs en fonction des besoins. Cet article pr\u00e9sente d’un script Bash qui simplifie le processus pour activer des comptes d’utilisateurs dans les syst\u00e8mes Linux<\/strong>. En comprenant et en utilisant ce script, les professionnels de l’informatique peuvent rationaliser la gestion des utilisateurs, renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me<\/a> et assurer un fonctionnement sans heurts.<\/p>\n

Contexte<\/h2>\n

La gestion des comptes d’utilisateurs sous Linux est une responsabilit\u00e9 fondamentale pour les administrateurs de syst\u00e8mes. Il est essentiel de veiller \u00e0 ce que seuls les utilisateurs autoris\u00e9s aient acc\u00e8s aux ressources du syst\u00e8me pour maintenir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l’int\u00e9grit\u00e9 op\u00e9rationnelle. Ce script Bash est con\u00e7u pour activer les comptes d’utilisateurs en rempla\u00e7ant leur shell de connexion par \/bin\/bash et en d\u00e9verrouillant le compte. Cette automatisation permet de gagner du temps, de r\u00e9duire les erreurs humaines et de mettre en \u0153uvre des pratiques de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 coh\u00e9rentes dans plusieurs syst\u00e8mes.<\/p>\n

Le script\u00a0:<\/h2>\n
#!\/usr\/bin\/env bash\r\n\r\n# Description: Enables a user account by changing its shell to \/bin\/bash and unlocking the account.\r\n#\r\n# Release Notes: Initial Release\r\n# By using this script, you indicate your acceptance of the following legal terms as well as our Terms of Use at https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/terms-of-use.\r\n# Ownership Rights: NinjaOne owns and will continue to own all right, title, and interest in and to the script (including the copyright). NinjaOne is giving you a limited license to use the script in accordance with these legal terms. \r\n# Use Limitation: You may only use the script for your legitimate personal or internal business purposes, and you may not share the script with another party. \r\n# Republication Prohibition: Under no circumstances are you permitted to re-publish the script in any script library or website belonging to or under the control of any other software provider. \r\n# Warranty Disclaimer: The script is provided \u201cas is\u201d and \u201cas available\u201d, without warranty of any kind. NinjaOne makes no promise or guarantee that the script will be free from defects or that it will meet your specific needs or expectations. \r\n# Assumption of Risk: Your use of the script is at your own risk. You acknowledge that there are certain inherent risks in using the script, and you understand and assume each of those risks. \r\n# Waiver and Release: You will not hold NinjaOne responsible for any adverse or unintended consequences resulting from your use of the script, and you waive any legal or equitable rights or remedies you may have against NinjaOne relating to your use of the script. \r\n# EULA: If you are a NinjaOne customer, your use of the script is subject to the End User License Agreement applicable to you (EULA).\r\n#\r\n# Below are all the valid parameters for this script.\r\n#\r\n# Preset Parameter: \"ReplaceMeWithUsernameToEnable\"\r\n#   Username of the user you would like to enable.\r\n#\r\n\r\n# Help text function for when invalid input is encountered\r\nprint_help() {\r\n  printf '\\n### Below are all the valid parameters for this script. ###\\n'\r\n  printf '\\nPreset Parameter: \"ReplaceMeWithUsernameToEnable\" \\n'\r\n  printf '\\t%s\\n' \"Username of the user you would like to enable.\"\r\n}\r\n\r\n# Determines whether or not help text is nessessary and routes the output to stderr\r\ndie() {\r\n  local _ret=\"${2:-1}\"\r\n  echo \"$1\" >&2\r\n  test \"${_PRINT_HELP:-no}\" = yes && print_help >&2\r\n  exit \"${_ret}\"\r\n}\r\n\r\n_arg_userToEnable=\r\n\r\n# Grabbing the parameters and parsing through them.\r\nparse_commandline() {\r\n  while test $# -gt 0; do\r\n    _key=\"$1\"\r\n    case \"$_key\" in\r\n    --help | -h)\r\n      _PRINT_HELP=yes die 0\r\n      ;;\r\n    --*)\r\n      _PRINT_HELP=yes die \"FATAL ERROR: Got an unexpected argument '$1'\" 1\r\n      ;;\r\n    *)\r\n      if [[ -z $_arg_userToEnable ]]; then\r\n        _arg_userToEnable=$1\r\n      else\r\n        _PRINT_HELP=yes die \"FATAL ERROR: Got an unexpected argument '$1' but user '$_arg_userToEnable' was already specified!\" 1\r\n      fi\r\n      ;;\r\n    esac\r\n    shift\r\n  done\r\n}\r\n\r\n# Parse the command-line arguments passed to the script.\r\nparse_commandline \"$@\"\r\n\r\nif [[ -n $usernameToEnable ]]; then\r\n  _arg_userToEnable=\"$usernameToEnable\"\r\nfi\r\n\r\n# Check if the username to disable is empty and display an error if it is.\r\nif [[ -z $_arg_userToEnable ]]; then\r\n  _PRINT_HELP=yes die \"[Error] The username of the user you would like to disable is required!'\" 1\r\nfi\r\n\r\n# Validate the username to ensure it only contains lowercase letters, digits, hyphens, and underscores.\r\nif [[ ! $_arg_userToEnable =~ ^[a-z0-9_-]+$ ]]; then\r\n  _PRINT_HELP=no die \"[Error] Invalid characters detected in '$_arg_userToEnable' usernames can only have a-z, 0-9 or -, _ characters!\" 1\r\nfi\r\n\r\n# Search for the user in the \/etc\/passwd file.\r\npasswdEntry=$(grep -w \"$_arg_userToEnable\" \/etc\/passwd)\r\nif [[ -z $passwdEntry ]]; then\r\n  _PRINT_HELP=no die \"[Error] User '$_arg_userToEnable' does not exist.\" 1\r\nfi\r\n\r\n# Check to see if account is expired\r\naccountExpiration=$(chage -l \"$_arg_userToEnable\" | grep \"Account expires\" | grep -v 'never' | cut -d \":\" -f2 | xargs)\r\nif [[ -n $accountExpiration ]]; then\r\n  accountExpirationSeconds=$(date -d \"$accountExpiration\" +\"%s\")\r\n  \r\n  currentTime=$(date +\"%s\")\r\n  # Warn if account is expired\r\n  if [[ $accountExpirationSeconds -le $currentTime ]]; then\r\n    echo \"WARNING: The account for '$_arg_userToEnable' is currently expired as of '$accountExpiration'. You may need to set a new expiration date.\"\r\n  fi\r\nfi\r\n\r\nnoLogin=$(grep -w \"$_arg_userToEnable\" \/etc\/passwd | grep \"nologin\")\r\nunlockedaccount=$(passwd -S \"$_arg_userToEnable\" | cut -f2 -d \" \" | grep -v \"L\")\r\nif [[ -z $noLogin && -n $unlockedaccount ]]; then\r\n  _PRINT_HELP=no die \"[Error] User '$_arg_userToEnable' is already enabled.\" 1\r\nfi\r\n\r\nif [[ -f \/bin\/bash ]]; then\r\n  preferredShell=\"\/bin\/bash\"\r\nelif [[ -f \/bin\/sh ]]; then\r\n  preferredShell=\"\/bin\/sh\"\r\nfi\r\n\r\n# Attempt to change the shell of the user to \/bin\/bash to enable login capabilities.\r\nif ! usermod \"$_arg_userToEnable\" -s \"$preferredShell\"; then\r\n  _PRINT_HELP=no die \"[Error] Failed to change the shell for '$_arg_userToEnable' to '$preferredShell'.\" 1\r\nfi\r\n\r\n# Attempt to unlock the user account using usermod.\r\nif ! usermod -U \"$_arg_userToEnable\"; then\r\n  _PRINT_HELP=no die \"[Error] Failed to unlock '$_arg_userToEnable' using usermod.\" 1\r\nfi\r\n\r\n# Check if the user has been successfully enabled by confirming 'nologin' is no longer set.\r\nenabledUser=$(grep -w \"$_arg_userToEnable\" \/etc\/passwd | grep -v \"nologin\")\r\nif [[ -n $enabledUser ]]; then\r\n  echo \"Successfully enabled '$_arg_userToEnable'.\"\r\nelse\r\n  _PRINT_HELP=no die \"[Error] Failed to enable '$_arg_userToEnable'.\" 1\r\nfi<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n\n
<\/h2>
<\/p><\/div>
<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n
Description d\u00e9taill\u00e9e<\/h2>\n
Le script Bash fourni accomplit sa t\u00e2che en plusieurs \u00e9tapes bien d\u00e9finies. D\u00e9cortiquons chaque partie du script pour en comprendre la fonctionnalit\u00e9 :<\/p>\n
1. Texte d’aide et fonctions de gestion des erreurs<\/strong>:<\/p>\n