{"id":353638,"date":"2024-08-02T10:10:03","date_gmt":"2024-08-02T10:10:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/script-hub\/supprimer-les-bloatwares-windows-powershell\/"},"modified":"2024-10-13T19:06:13","modified_gmt":"2024-10-13T19:06:13","slug":"supprimer-les-bloatwares-windows-powershell","status":"publish","type":"script_hub","link":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/fr\/script-hub\/supprimer-les-bloatwares-windows-powershell\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment supprimer les bloatwares Microsoft avec PowerShell"},"content":{"rendered":"

En informatique, les \u00ab\u00a0bloatware\u00a0\u00bb repr\u00e9sentent souvent un grand challenge pour les utilisateurs et les professionnels de l’informatique qui g\u00e8rent plusieurs syst\u00e8mes. Les bloatwares sont des logiciels ind\u00e9sirables pr\u00e9install\u00e9s sur un nouvel ordinateur, qui peuvent ralentir les performances et encombrer le syst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n

Il est essentiel de r\u00e9soudre ce probl\u00e8me de mani\u00e8re efficace, et les scripts PowerShell<\/a> offrent une solution puissante. Cet article pr\u00e9sente un script PowerShell sp\u00e9cifiquement con\u00e7u pour supprimer les bloatwares courants<\/strong>, en fournissant une analyse d\u00e9taill\u00e9e, des cas d’utilisation, des comparaisons, une FAQ et des bonnes pratiques.<\/p>\n

Contexte<\/h2>\n

Les bloatware, \u00e9galement connus sous le nom de logiciels pr\u00e9install\u00e9s, comprennent souvent des versions d’essai de logiciels, des outils promotionnels et d’autres applications inutiles qui consomment des ressources pr\u00e9cieuses.<\/p>\n

Pour les fournisseurs de services g\u00e9r\u00e9s (MSP)<\/a> et les professionnels de l’informatique, la suppression de ces applications sur de nombreux appareils peut s’av\u00e9rer longue et fastidieuse. Ce script PowerShell permet d’automatiser la suppression des bloatwares les plus courants, ce qui simplifie le processus et garantit un syst\u00e8me plus propre et plus efficace<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Le script PowerShell\u00a0:<\/h2>\n
#Requires -Version 5.1\r\n\r\n<#\r\n.SYNOPSIS\r\n    Removes common bloatware that is often pre-installed on a PC.\r\n.DESCRIPTION\r\n    Removes common bloatware that is often pre-installed on a PC.\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    -AppsToRemove \"Amazon.com.Amazon, AmazonVideo.PrimeVideo, Clipchamp.Clipchamp, Disney.37853FC22B2CE, DropboxInc.Dropbox, Facebook.Facebook, Facebook.InstagramBeta, king.com.BubbleWitch3Saga, king.com.CandyCrushSaga, king.com.CandyCrushSodaSaga, 5A894077.McAfeeSecurity, 4DF9E0F8.Netflix, SpotifyAB.SpotifyMusic, BytedancePte.Ltd.TikTok, 5319275A.WhatsAppDesktop\"\r\n    \r\n    [Warn] Amazon.com.Amazon is not installed!\r\n    Attempting to remove AmazonVideo.PrimeVideo...\r\n    Successfully removed AmazonVideo.PrimeVideo.\r\n    Attempting to remove Clipchamp.Clipchamp...\r\n    Successfully removed Clipchamp.Clipchamp.\r\n    Attempting to remove Disney.37853FC22B2CE...\r\n    Successfully removed Disney.37853FC22B2CE.\r\n    Attempting to remove DropboxInc.Dropbox...\r\n    Successfully removed DropboxInc.Dropbox.\r\n    Attempting to remove FACEBOOK.FACEBOOK...\r\n    Successfully removed FACEBOOK.FACEBOOK.\r\n    Attempting to remove Facebook.InstagramBeta...\r\n    Successfully removed Facebook.InstagramBeta.\r\n    [Warn] king.com.BubbleWitch3Saga is not installed!\r\n    [Warn] king.com.CandyCrushSaga is not installed!\r\n    [Warn] king.com.CandyCrushSodaSaga is not installed!\r\n    Attempting to remove 5A894077.McAfeeSecurity...\r\n    Successfully removed 5A894077.McAfeeSecurity.\r\n    Attempting to remove 4DF9E0F8.Netflix...\r\n    Successfully removed 4DF9E0F8.Netflix.\r\n    Attempting to remove SpotifyAB.SpotifyMusic...\r\n    Successfully removed SpotifyAB.SpotifyMusic.\r\n    Attempting to remove BytedancePte.Ltd.TikTok...\r\n    Successfully removed BytedancePte.Ltd.TikTok.\r\n    Attempting to remove 5319275A.WhatsAppDesktop...\r\n    Successfully removed 5319275A.WhatsAppDesktop.\r\n\r\nPARAMETER: -AppsToRemove \"AmazonVideo.PrimeVideo\"\r\n    A comma-separated list of Appx package names you would like to remove.\r\n\r\nPARAMETER: -OverrideWithCustomField \"ReplaceMeWithAmultilineCustomFieldName\"\r\n    Name of a multiline custom field to retrieve the 'Apps To Remove' list.\r\n\r\n.NOTES\r\n    Minimum OS Architecture Supported: Windows 10, Windows Server 2016\r\n    Release Notes: Initial Release\r\nBy using this script, you indicate your acceptance of the following legal terms as well as our Terms of Use at https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/terms-of-use.\r\n    Ownership Rights: NinjaOne owns and will continue to own all right, title, and interest in and to the script (including the copyright). NinjaOne is giving you a limited license to use the script in accordance with these legal terms. \r\n    Use Limitation: You may only use the script for your legitimate personal or internal business purposes, and you may not share the script with another party. \r\n    Republication Prohibition: Under no circumstances are you permitted to re-publish the script in any script library or website belonging to or under the control of any other software provider. \r\n    Warranty Disclaimer: The script is provided \u201cas is\u201d and \u201cas available\u201d, without warranty of any kind. NinjaOne makes no promise or guarantee that the script will be free from defects or that it will meet your specific needs or expectations. \r\n    Assumption of Risk: Your use of the script is at your own risk. You acknowledge that there are certain inherent risks in using the script, and you understand and assume each of those risks. \r\n    Waiver and Release: You will not hold NinjaOne responsible for any adverse or unintended consequences resulting from your use of the script, and you waive any legal or equitable rights or remedies you may have against NinjaOne relating to your use of the script. \r\n    EULA: If you are a NinjaOne customer, your use of the script is subject to the End User License Agreement applicable to you (EULA).\r\n#>\r\n\r\n[CmdletBinding()]\r\nparam (\r\n    [Parameter()]\r\n    [String]$AppsToRemove = \"Amazon.com.Amazon, AmazonVideo.PrimeVideo, Clipchamp.Clipchamp, Disney.37853FC22B2CE, DropboxInc.Dropbox, Facebook.Facebook, Facebook.InstagramBeta, king.com.BubbleWitch3Saga, king.com.CandyCrushSaga, king.com.CandyCrushSodaSaga, 5A894077.McAfeeSecurity, 4DF9E0F8.Netflix, SpotifyAB.SpotifyMusic, BytedancePte.Ltd.TikTok, 5319275A.WhatsAppDesktop\",\r\n    [Parameter()]\r\n    [String]$OverrideWithCustomField\r\n)\r\n\r\nbegin {\r\n    # Replace parameters with dynamic script variables.\r\n    if ($env:appsToRemove -and $env:appsToRemove -notlike \"null\") { $AppsToRemove = $env:appsToRemove }\r\n    if ($env:overrideWithCustomFieldName -and $env:overrideWithCustomFieldName -notlike \"null\") { $OverrideWithCustomField = $env:overrideWithCustomFieldName }\r\n\r\n    $AppList = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[string]\r\n\r\n    function Get-NinjaProperty {\r\n        [CmdletBinding()]\r\n        Param(\r\n            [Parameter(Mandatory = $True, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]\r\n            [String]$Name\r\n        )\r\n    \r\n        # We'll redirect error output to the success stream to make it easier to error out if nothing was found or something else went wrong.\r\n        $NinjaPropertyValue = Ninja-Property-Get -Name $Name 2>&1\r\n    \r\n        # If we received some sort of error it should have an exception property and we'll exit the function with that error information.\r\n        if ($NinjaPropertyValue.Exception) { throw $NinjaPropertyValue }\r\n    \r\n        if (-not $NinjaPropertyValue) {\r\n            throw [System.NullReferenceException]::New(\"The Custom Field '$Name' is empty!\")\r\n        }\r\n    \r\n        $NinjaPropertyValue\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if ($OverrideWithCustomField) {\r\n        Write-Host \"Attempting to retrieve uninstall list from '$OverrideWithCustomField'.\"\r\n        try {\r\n            $AppsToRemove = Get-NinjaProperty -Name $OverrideWithCustomField -ErrorAction Stop\r\n        }\r\n        catch {\r\n            # If we ran into some sort of error we'll output it here.\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] $($_.Exception.Message)\"\r\n            exit 1\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check if apps to remove are specified; otherwise, list all Appx packages and exit\r\n    if (!$AppsToRemove) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Error] Nothing given to remove? Please specify one of the below packages.\"\r\n        Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Select-Object Name | Sort-Object Name | Out-String | Write-Host\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Regex to detect invalid characters in Appx package names\r\n    $InvalidCharacters = \"[#!@&$)(<>?|:;\\\/{}^%`\"']+\"\r\n\r\n    # Process each app name after splitting the input string\r\n    if ($AppsToRemove -match \",\") {\r\n        $AppsToRemove -split ',' | ForEach-Object {\r\n            $App = $_.Trim()\r\n            if ($App -match '^[-.]' -or $App -match '\\.\\.|--' -or $App -match '[-.]$' -or $App -match \"\\s\" -or $App -match $InvalidCharacters) {\r\n                Write-Host \"[Error] Invalid character in '$App'. Appx package names cannot contain '#!@&$)(<>?|:;\\\/{}^%`\"'', start with '.-', contain a space, or have consecutive '.' or '-' characters.\"\r\n                $ExitCode = 1\r\n                return\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            if ($App.Length -ge 50) {\r\n                Write-Host \"[Error] Appx package name of '$App' is invalid Appx package names must be less than 50 characters.\"\r\n                $ExitCode = 1\r\n                return\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            $AppList.Add($App)\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n    else {\r\n        $AppsToRemove = $AppsToRemove.Trim()\r\n        if ($AppsToRemove -match '^[-.]' -or $AppsToRemove -match '\\.\\.|--' -or $AppsToRemove -match '[-.]$' -or $AppsToRemove -match \"\\s\" -or $AppsToRemove -match $InvalidCharacters) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] Invalid character in '$AppsToRemove'. AppxPackage names cannot contain '#!@&$)(<>?|:;\\\/{}^%`\"'', start with '.-', contain a space, or have consecutive '.' or '-' characters.\"\r\n            Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Select-Object Name | Sort-Object Name | Out-String | Write-Host\r\n            exit 1\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        if ($AppsToRemove.Length -ge 50) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] Appx package name of '$AppsToRemove' is invalid Appx package names must be less than 50 characters.\"\r\n            Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Select-Object Name | Sort-Object Name | Out-String | Write-Host\r\n            exit 1\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        $AppList.Add($AppsToRemove)\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Exit if no valid apps to remove\r\n    if ($AppList.Count -eq 0) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Error] No valid apps to remove!\"\r\n        Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Select-Object Name | Sort-Object Name | Out-String | Write-Host\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Function to check if the script is running with Administrator privileges\r\n    function Test-IsElevated {\r\n        $id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()\r\n        $p = New-Object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($id)\r\n        $p.IsInRole([System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if (!$ExitCode) {\r\n        $ExitCode = 0\r\n    }\r\n}\r\nprocess {\r\n    # Check for Administrator privileges before attempting to remove any packages\r\n    if (!(Test-IsElevated)) {\r\n        Write-Host -Object \"[Error] Access Denied. Please run with Administrator privileges.\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Attempt to remove each specified app\r\n    foreach ($App in $AppList) {\r\n        $AppxPackage = Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Where-Object { $_.Name -Like \"*$App*\" } | Sort-Object Name -Unique\r\n        $ProvisionedPackage = Get-AppxProvisionedPackage -Online | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -like \"*$App*\" } | Sort-Object DisplayName -Unique\r\n        \r\n        # Warn if the app is not installed\r\n        if (!$AppxPackage -and !$ProvisionedPackage) {\r\n            Write-Host \"`n[Warn] $App is not installed!\"\r\n            continue\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # Output an error if too many apps were selected for uninstall\r\n        if ($AppxPackage.Count -gt 1) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] Too many Apps were found with the name '$App'. Please re-run with a more specific name.\"\r\n            Write-Host ($AppxPackage | Select-Object Name | Sort-Object Name | Out-String)\r\n            $ExitCode = 1\r\n            continue\r\n        }\r\n        if ($ProvisionedPackage.Count -gt 1) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] Too many Apps were found with the name '$App'. Please re-run with a more specific name.\"\r\n            Write-Host ($ProvisionedPackage | Select-Object DisplayName | Sort-Object DisplayName | Out-String)\r\n            ExitCode = 1\r\n            continue\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # Output an error if two different packages got selected.\r\n        if ($ProvisionedPackage -and $AppxPackage -and $AppxPackage.Name -ne $ProvisionedPackage.DisplayName) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] Too many Apps were found with the name '$App'. Please re-run with a more specific name.\"\r\n            Write-Host ($ProvisionedPackage | Select-Object DisplayName | Sort-Object DisplayName | Out-String)\r\n            ExitCode = 1\r\n            continue\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        try {\r\n            # Remove the provisioning package first.\r\n            if ($ProvisionedPackage) {\r\n                Write-Host \"`nAttempting to remove provisioning package $($ProvisionedPackage.DisplayName)...\"\r\n                Get-AppxProvisionedPackage -Online | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -like \"*$App*\" } | Remove-AppxProvisionedPackage -Online -AllUsers | Out-Null\r\n                Write-Host \"Successfully removed provisioning package $($ProvisionedPackage.DisplayName).\"\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            # Remove the installed instances.\r\n            if ($AppxPackage) {\r\n                Write-Host \"`nAttempting to remove $($AppxPackage.Name)...\"\r\n                Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Where-Object { $_.Name -Like \"*$App*\" } | Remove-AppxPackage -AllUsers\r\n                Write-Host \"Successfully removed $($AppxPackage.Name).\"\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n        catch {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] $($_.Exception.Message)\"\r\n            $ExitCode = 1\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    exit $ExitCode\r\n}\r\nend {\r\n    \r\n    \r\n    \r\n}<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n\n
<\/h2>
<\/p><\/div>
<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n
Description d\u00e9taill\u00e9e<\/h2>\n
Ce script PowerShell est con\u00e7u pour supprimer une liste d’applications bloatware courantes que l’on trouve souvent sur les nouveaux PC Windows. Voici une explication \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape du fonctionnement du script :<\/p>\n
1. Initialisation du script et d\u00e9finition des param\u00e8tres :<\/h3>\n
Le script commence par d\u00e9finir deux param\u00e8tres : $AppsToRemove et $OverrideWithCustomField. $AppsToRemove contient une liste de noms de paquets d’applications \u00e0 supprimer, s\u00e9par\u00e9s par des virgules, tandis que $OverrideWithCustomField peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour sp\u00e9cifier un nom de champ personnalis\u00e9 contenant la liste des applications \u00e0 supprimer.<\/p>\n
2. Traitement dynamique des param\u00e8tres :<\/h3>\n
Le script v\u00e9rifie la pr\u00e9sence de variables d’environnement susceptibles de remplacer les param\u00e8tres initiaux, ce qui garantit une certaine flexibilit\u00e9 pour divers sc\u00e9narios de d\u00e9ploiement.<\/p>\n
3. R\u00e9cup\u00e9ration de champs personnalis\u00e9s :<\/h3>\n
Si un champ personnalis\u00e9 est sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9, le script tente d’en extraire la liste des applications \u00e0 l’aide de la fonction Get-NinjaProperty. Les professionnels de l’informatique peuvent ainsi ajuster de mani\u00e8re dynamique la liste des applications \u00e0 supprimer.<\/p>\n
4. Validation et pr\u00e9paration de la liste :<\/h3>\n
Le script valide les noms des applications, en v\u00e9rifiant les caract\u00e8res non valides, la longueur et le formatage. Les noms d’applications valides sont ajout\u00e9s \u00e0 la liste $AppList.<\/p>\n
5. V\u00e9rification des privil\u00e8ges d’administrateur :<\/h3>\n
Avant de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 la suppression, le script s’assure qu’il s’ex\u00e9cute avec des droits d’administrateur \u00e0 l’aide de la fonction Test-IsElevated.<\/p>\n
6. Processus de suppression d’application :<\/h3>\n
Le script parcourt chaque application de la liste, en essayant de supprimer les instances provisionn\u00e9es et install\u00e9es de l’application.<\/p>\n
Cas d’utilisation potentiels<\/h2>\n
\u00c9tude de cas hypoth\u00e9tique<\/h3>\n
Imaginez un professionnel de l’informatique qui g\u00e8re un parc de nouveaux ordinateurs portables pour le compte d’une entreprise cliente. Chaque ordinateur portable est pr\u00e9install\u00e9 avec diverses applications dont le client n’a pas besoin. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce script PowerShell, le professionnel de l’informatique peut rapidement supprimer ces applications ind\u00e9sirables de tous les ordinateurs portables, bien plus rapidement que s’il avait d\u00fb le faire manuellement. Il en r\u00e9sulte un syst\u00e8me plus propre et plus rapide, pr\u00eat \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Comparaisons<\/h2>\n
Comparaison entre la suppression manuelle et un script PowerShell :<\/h3>\n