{"id":387239,"date":"2024-12-02T16:19:04","date_gmt":"2024-12-02T16:19:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/?post_type=script_hub&p=387239"},"modified":"2024-12-02T16:25:55","modified_gmt":"2024-12-02T16:25:55","slug":"notificar-concesiones-dhcp","status":"publish","type":"script_hub","link":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/es\/script-hub\/notificar-concesiones-dhcp\/","title":{"rendered":"Gu\u00eda completa para supervisar las concesiones DHCP con PowerShell"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00bfTe gustar\u00eda tener m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre las notificaciones de concesiones DHCP<\/strong> para PowerShell? Este art\u00edculo explicar\u00e1 por qu\u00e9 la supervisi\u00f3n y gesti\u00f3n de las concesiones DHCP es una tarea cr\u00edtica para los profesionales de TI y los proveedores de servicios gestionados (MSP)<\/a>. Asegurarse de que los servidores DHCP funcionan eficazmente y de que hay suficientes direcciones IP<\/a> disponibles en el pool puede evitar problemas de red y garantizar una conectividad eficaz.<\/p>\n

Este post profundiza en un script PowerShell dise\u00f1ado para supervisar las concesiones DHCP, alertando a los administradores cuando el n\u00famero de concesiones disponibles cae por debajo de un umbral especificado. Este script es una herramienta esencial para mantener la fiabilidad de la red y evitar posibles interrupciones.<\/p>\n

Contexto<\/h2>\n

El Protocolo de Configuraci\u00f3n Din\u00e1mica de Host (DHCP)<\/a> es un protocolo de gesti\u00f3n de red utilizado para automatizar el proceso de configuraci\u00f3n de dispositivos en redes IP. Sin el DHCP, habr\u00eda que asignar manualmente una direcci\u00f3n IP a cada dispositivo de la red. Dada la naturaleza din\u00e1mica de las redes modernas, los servidores DHCP suelen estar sometidos a una demanda constante para proporcionar direcciones IP.<\/p>\n

Es crucial supervisar estos servidores y asegurarse de que disponen de suficientes contratos de alquiler. El script PowerShell proporcionado responde a esta necesidad comprobando los \u00e1mbitos DHCP y alertando a los administradores si el n\u00famero de concesiones libres cae por debajo de un determinado umbral.<\/p>\n

El script<\/h2>\n
#Requires -Version 5.1\r\n\r\n<#\r\n.SYNOPSIS\r\n    Checks the DHCP scopes for the number of leases used and alerts if the threshold is exceeded.\r\n.DESCRIPTION\r\n    Checks the DHCP scopes for the number of leases used and alerts if the threshold is exceeded.\r\n    This script requires the DhcpServer module to be installed with the DHCP server feature installed.\r\n    The script will output the number of leases used, free, and total for each scope.\r\n    If the LeaseThreshold parameter is set, the script will alert if the number of free leases is less than the threshold.\r\n    If the ExcludeScope parameter is set, the script will exclude the specified scope from the output.\r\n    If the IncludeScope parameter is set, the script will only include the specified scope in the output.\r\n\r\n.PARAMETER LeaseThreshold\r\n    The number of free leases that will trigger an alert. If the number of free leases is less than the threshold, an alert will be triggered.\r\n.PARAMETER ExcludeScope\r\n    The name of the scope to exclude from the output.\r\n.PARAMETER IncludeScope\r\n    The name of the scope to include in the output.\r\n\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    (No Parameters)\r\n    ## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITHOUT PARAMS ##\r\n    [Info] Scope: Test1 Leases Used(In Use\/Total): 250\/252\r\n    [Info] Scope: Test2 Leases Used(In Use\/Total): 220\/252\r\n    [Info] Scope: Test6 Leases Used(In Use\/Total): 4954378\/18446744073709551615\r\n\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    PARAMETER: -LeaseThreshold 10\r\n    ## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITH LEASETHRESHOLD ##\r\n    [Alert] Scope: Test1 Leases Used(In Use\/Free\/Total): 220\/2\/252\r\n    [Info] Scope: Test2 Leases Used(In Use\/Free\/Total): 150\/102\/252\r\n    [Info] Scope: Test6 Leases Used(In Use\/Free\/Total): 0\/18446744073709551615\/18446744073709551615\r\n\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    PARAMETER: -ExcludeScope \"Test1\"\r\n    ## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITH EXCLUDESCOPE ##\r\n    [Info] Scope: Test2 Leases Used(In Use\/Free\/Total): 220\/2\/252\r\n    [Info] Scope: Test6 Leases Used(In Use\/Free\/Total): 0\/18446744073709551615\/18446744073709551615\r\n\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    PARAMETER: -IncludeScope \"Test2\"\r\n    ## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITH INCLUDESCOPE ##\r\n    [Info] Scope: Test2 Leases Used(In Use\/Free\/Total): 220\/2\/252\r\n.NOTES\r\n    Minimum OS: Windows Server 2016\r\n    Requires the DhcpServer module to be installed with the DHCP server feature installed.\r\n    Release Notes: Initial Release\r\nBy using this script, you indicate your acceptance of the following legal terms as well as our Terms of Use at https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/terms-of-use.\r\n    Ownership Rights: NinjaOne owns and will continue to own all right, title, and interest in and to the script (including the copyright). NinjaOne is giving you a limited license to use the script in accordance with these legal terms. \r\n    Use Limitation: You may only use the script for your legitimate personal or internal business purposes, and you may not share the script with another party. \r\n    Republication Prohibition: Under no circumstances are you permitted to re-publish the script in any script library or website belonging to or under the control of any other software provider. \r\n    Warranty Disclaimer: The script is provided \u201cas is\u201d and \u201cas available\u201d, without warranty of any kind. NinjaOne makes no promise or guarantee that the script will be free from defects or that it will meet your specific needs or expectations. \r\n    Assumption of Risk: Your use of the script is at your own risk. You acknowledge that there are certain inherent risks in using the script, and you understand and assume each of those risks. \r\n    Waiver and Release: You will not hold NinjaOne responsible for any adverse or unintended consequences resulting from your use of the script, and you waive any legal or equitable rights or remedies you may have against NinjaOne relating to your use of the script. \r\n    EULA: If you are a NinjaOne customer, your use of the script is subject to the End User License Agreement applicable to you (EULA).\r\n#>\r\n\r\n[CmdletBinding()]\r\nparam (\r\n    $LeaseThreshold,\r\n    [string[]]$ExcludeScope,\r\n    [string[]]$IncludeScope\r\n)\r\n\r\nbegin {\r\n    function Test-IsElevated {\r\n        # check if running under a Pester test case\r\n        $id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()\r\n        $p = New-Object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($id)\r\n        $p.IsInRole([System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    try {\r\n        if ($env:leaseThreshold -and $env:leaseThreshold -notlike \"null\") {\r\n            [int]$LeaseThreshold = $env:leaseThreshold\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n    catch {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Error] LeaseThreshold must be a number\"\r\n        exit 2\r\n    }\r\n    \r\n    if ($env:excludeScope -and $env:excludeScope -notlike \"null\") {\r\n        $ExcludeScope = $env:excludeScope\r\n    }\r\n    if ($env:includeScope -and $env:includeScope -notlike \"null\") {\r\n        $IncludeScope = $env:includeScope\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Split the ExcludeScope and IncludeScope parameters into an array\r\n    if (-not [String]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($ExcludeScope) -and $ExcludeScope -like '*,*') {\r\n        $ExcludeScope = $ExcludeScope -split ',' | ForEach-Object { $_.Trim() } | Where-Object { -not [String]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_) } | Sort-Object -Unique\r\n    }\r\n    if (-not [String]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($IncludeScope) -and $IncludeScope -like '*,*') {\r\n        $IncludeScope = $IncludeScope -split ',' | ForEach-Object { $_.Trim() } | Where-Object { -not [String]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_) } | Sort-Object -Unique\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check if $ExcludeScope and $IncludeScope contain similar items\r\n    if (-not [String]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($ExcludeScope) -and -not [String]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($IncludeScope)) {\r\n        $SimilarItems = $ExcludeScope | Where-Object { $IncludeScope -contains $_ }\r\n        if ($SimilarItems) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] The following scopes are in both ExcludeScope and IncludeScope: $($SimilarItems -join ', ')\"\r\n            exit 2\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    $ShouldAlert = $false\r\n}\r\nprocess {\r\n    if (-not (Test-IsElevated)) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Error] Access Denied. Please run with Administrator privileges.\"\r\n        exit 2\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check if the DhcpServer module is installed\r\n    if (-not (Get-Module -ListAvailable -Name DhcpServer -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Error] The DhcpServer module is not installed. Please install the DHCP server feature and the DhcpServer module.\"\r\n        exit 2\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Get all DHCP scopes\r\n    $AllScopes = $(\r\n        Get-DhcpServerv4Scope | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name\r\n        Get-DhcpServerv6Scope | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name\r\n    )\r\n\r\n    # Output an error if the ExcludeScope or IncludeScope parameters contain invalid scope names\r\n    $(\r\n        if ($IncludeScope) { $IncludeScope }\r\n        if ($ExcludeScope) { $ExcludeScope }\r\n    ) | ForEach-Object {\r\n        if ($_ -notin $AllScopes) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] Scope: $_ does not exist in the DHCP server. Please check the scope name and try again.\"\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # IPv4\r\n    # Get all DHCP scopes\r\n    $v4scopes = Get-DhcpServerv4Scope | Where-Object { $_.State }\r\n\r\n    # Iterate through each scope\r\n    foreach ($scope in $v4scopes) {\r\n        # Get statistics for the scope\r\n        $Stats = Get-DhcpServerv4ScopeStatistics -ScopeId $scope.ScopeId\r\n\r\n        # Get the name of the scope\r\n        $Name = (Get-DhcpServerv4Scope -ScopeId $scope.ScopeId).Name\r\n\r\n        # Check if the scope should be excluded\r\n        if (-not [String]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($ExcludeScope) -and $Name -in $ExcludeScope) {\r\n            continue\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # Check if the scope should be included\r\n        if (-not [String]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($IncludeScope) -and $Name -notin $IncludeScope) {\r\n            continue\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # Check if the number of free leases is less than the threshold\r\n        if ($Stats.Free -lt $LeaseThreshold ) {\r\n            if ($ShouldAlert -eq $false) {\r\n                # Output once if this is the first scope to trigger an alert\r\n                Write-Host \"[Alert] Available DHCP Leases Low. You may want to make modifications to one of the below scopes.\"\r\n            }\r\n            Write-Host \"[Alert] Scope: $Name Leases Used(In Use\/Free\/Total): $($Stats.InUse)\/$($Stats.Free)\/$($Stats.InUse+$Stats.Free)\"\r\n            $ShouldAlert = $true\r\n        }\r\n        else {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Info] Scope: $Name Leases Used(In Use\/Free\/Total): $($Stats.InUse)\/$($Stats.Free)\/$($Stats.InUse+$Stats.Free)\"\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # IPv6\r\n    # Get all DHCP scopes\r\n    $v6Scopes = Get-DhcpServerv6Scope | Where-Object { $_.State }\r\n\r\n    # Iterate through each scope\r\n    foreach ($scope in $v6Scopes) {\r\n        # Get statistics for the scope\r\n        $Stats = Get-DhcpServerv6ScopeStatistics -Prefix $scope.Prefix\r\n\r\n        # Get the name of the scope\r\n        $Name = (Get-DhcpServerv6Scope -Prefix $scope.Prefix).Name\r\n\r\n        # Check if the scope should be excluded\r\n        if (-not [String]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($ExcludeScope) -and $Name -in $ExcludeScope) {\r\n            continue\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # Check if the scope should be included\r\n        if (-not [String]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($IncludeScope) -and $Name -notin $IncludeScope) {\r\n            continue\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # Check if the number of free leases is less than the threshold\r\n        if ($Stats.Free -lt $LeaseThreshold ) {\r\n            if ($ShouldAlert -eq $false) {\r\n                # Output once if this is the first scope to trigger an alert\r\n                Write-Host \"[Alert] Available DHCP Leases Low. You may want to make modifications to one of the below scopes.\"\r\n            }\r\n            Write-Host \"[Alert] Scope: $Name Leases Used(In Use\/Free\/Total): $($Stats.InUse)\/$($Stats.Free)\/$($Stats.InUse+$Stats.Free)\"\r\n            $ShouldAlert = $true\r\n        }\r\n        else {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Info] Scope: $Name Leases Used(In Use\/Free\/Total): $($Stats.InUse)\/$($Stats.Free)\/$($Stats.InUse+$Stats.Free)\"\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    exit 0\r\n\r\n}\r\nend {\r\n    \r\n    \r\n    \r\n}<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n\n
An\u00e1lisis detallado<\/h2>\n
Este script de PowerShell requiere el m\u00f3dulo DhcpServer y es compatible con Windows Server 2016 o versiones posteriores. Aqu\u00ed tienes una explicaci\u00f3n paso a paso de c\u00f3mo funciona:<\/p>\n
Par\u00e1metros<\/h2>\n