{"id":374047,"date":"2024-10-23T11:23:37","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T11:23:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/?post_type=script_hub&p=374047"},"modified":"2024-10-23T11:29:43","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T11:29:43","slug":"problemas-de-windows-update","status":"publish","type":"script_hub","link":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/es\/script-hub\/problemas-de-windows-update\/","title":{"rendered":"Gu\u00eda para diagnosticar problemas de Windows Update mediante PowerShell"},"content":{"rendered":"

Diagnosticar problemas de Windows Update puede ser una tarea tediosa para los profesionales de TI, especialmente cuando se gestionan varios equipos. Los retrasos o errores en el proceso de actualizaci\u00f3n pueden provocar vulnerabilidades de seguridad, problemas de conformidad e inestabilidad general del sistema.<\/p>\n

El script PowerShell<\/a> proporcionado ofrece un enfoque optimizado para diagnosticar problemas de Windows Update y solucionarlos<\/strong>, garantizando que los sistemas permanezcan actualizados y seguros. Este post profundiza en la funcionalidad del script, explorando c\u00f3mo puede ser una herramienta inestimable tanto para los profesionales de TI como para los proveedores de servicios gestionados (MSP)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Contexto<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Windows Update es un componente cr\u00edtico en el mantenimiento del buen estado y la seguridad de un sistema basado en Windows. Sin embargo, diversos factores pueden dificultar su buen funcionamiento, desde errores de configuraci\u00f3n del servicio hasta problemas de red. Los profesionales de TI a menudo se enfrentan a la desalentadora tarea de solucionar estos problemas manualmente, lo que puede llevar mucho tiempo y ser propenso a errores humanos<\/a>.<\/p>\n

El script PowerShell proporcionado aborda este reto automatizando el proceso de diagn\u00f3stico, garantizando que los problemas comunes se identifiquen y resuelvan r\u00e1pidamente. Con este script para diagnosticar problemas de Windows Update, los equipos de TI pueden mantener la integridad del sistema, reducir el tiempo de inactividad<\/a> y mejorar la eficacia general<\/a>.<\/p>\n

El script para diagnosticar problemas de Windows Update<\/h2>\n
#Requires -Version 5.1\r\n\r\n<#\r\n.SYNOPSIS\r\n    Diagnose Windows Update issues.\r\n.DESCRIPTION\r\n    Checks that CryptSvc, and bits or running or not\r\n    Checks that wuauserv is running and the startup type is set correctly.\r\n    Checks WaaSMedic plugins doesn't have issues. (Only applies to OS Build Version is greater than 17600).\r\n    Checks if NTP is setup.\r\n    Checks Windows Update logs for any errors in the last week.\r\n\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    (No Parameters)\r\n    ## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITHOUT PARAMS ##\r\n    [Info] Last checked for updates on 4\/29\/2023\r\n    [Issue] Windows Update has not checked for updates in over 30 days.\r\n\r\nPARAMETER: -ResultsCustomField WindowsUpdate\r\n    Saves results to a multi-line custom field.\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    -ResultsCustomField WindowsUpdate\r\n    ## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITH ResultsCustomField ##\r\n    [Info] Last checked for updates on 4\/29\/2023\r\n    [Issue] Windows Update has not checked for updates in over 90 days.\r\n.OUTPUTS\r\n    None\r\n.NOTES\r\n    Minimum OS Architecture Supported: Windows 10, Windows Server 2016\r\n    Release Notes: Initial Release\r\nBy using this script, you indicate your acceptance of the following legal terms as well as our Terms of Use at https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/terms-of-use.\r\n    Ownership Rights: NinjaOne owns and will continue to own all right, title, and interest in and to the script (including the copyright). NinjaOne is giving you a limited license to use the script in accordance with these legal terms. \r\n    Use Limitation: You may only use the script for your legitimate personal or internal business purposes, and you may not share the script with another party. \r\n    Republication Prohibition: Under no circumstances are you permitted to re-publish the script in any script library or website belonging to or under the control of any other software provider. \r\n    Warranty Disclaimer: The script is provided \u201cas is\u201d and \u201cas available\u201d, without warranty of any kind. NinjaOne makes no promise or guarantee that the script will be free from defects or that it will meet your specific needs or expectations. \r\n    Assumption of Risk: Your use of the script is at your own risk. You acknowledge that there are certain inherent risks in using the script, and you understand and assume each of those risks. \r\n    Waiver and Release: You will not hold NinjaOne responsible for any adverse or unintended consequences resulting from your use of the script, and you waive any legal or equitable rights or remedies you may have against NinjaOne relating to your use of the script. \r\n    EULA: If you are a NinjaOne customer, your use of the script is subject to the End User License Agreement applicable to you (EULA).\r\n#>\r\n\r\n[CmdletBinding()]\r\nparam (\r\n    [int]$Days = 30,\r\n    [string]$ResultsCustomField\r\n)\r\n\r\nbegin {\r\n    if ($env:Days) {\r\n        $Days = $env:Days\r\n    }\r\n    if ($env:resultscustomfield -notlike \"null\") {\r\n        $ResultsCustomField = $env:resultscustomfield\r\n    }\r\n    function Test-IsElevated {\r\n        $id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()\r\n        $p = New-Object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($id)\r\n        $p.IsInRole([System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)\r\n    }\r\n    function Test-WaaSMedic {\r\n        [CmdletBinding()]\r\n        param()\r\n        $WaaS = 0\r\n        Try {\r\n            $WaaS = New-Object -ComObject \"Microsoft.WaaSMedic.1\"\r\n        }\r\n        Catch {\r\n            Write-Host \"WaaS Medic Support: No\"\r\n        }\r\n    \r\n        Try {\r\n            if ($WaaS -ne 0) {\r\n                Write-Host \"WaaS Medic Support: Yes\"\r\n                $Plugins = $WaaS.LaunchDetectionOnly(\"Troubleshooter\")\r\n    \r\n                if ($Plugins -eq \"\") {\r\n                    [PSCustomObject]@{\r\n                        Id        = \"WaaSMedic\"\r\n                        Detected  = $false\r\n                        Parameter = @{\"error\" = $Plugins }\r\n                    }\r\n                }\r\n                else {\r\n                    [PSCustomObject]@{\r\n                        Id        = \"WaaSMedic\"\r\n                        Detected  = $true\r\n                        Parameter = @{\"error\" = $Plugins }\r\n                    }\r\n                    \"Plugins that might have errors: \" + $Plugins | Out-String | Write-Host\r\n                }\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n        Catch {\r\n            Write-Host \"WaaS Medic Detection: Failed\"\r\n        }\r\n        Finally {\r\n            # Release COM Object if we aren't running test cases\r\n            if (-not $env:NinjaPesterTesting) {\r\n                [System.Runtime.Interopservices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject($WaaS) | Out-Null\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n    function Get-TimeSyncType {\r\n        [string]$result = \"\"\r\n        [string]$registryKey = \"HKLM:\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\W32Time\\Parameters\"\r\n        [string]$registryKeyName = \"Type\"\r\n    \r\n        if ((Test-Path $registryKey -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {\r\n            $registryEntry = Get-Item -Path $registryKey -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue\r\n            if ($null -ne $registryEntry) {\r\n                return Get-ItemPropertyValue -Path $registryKey -Name $registryKeyName\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n        return $result\r\n    }\r\n    function Test-ConnectedToInternet {\r\n        $NLMType = [Type]::GetTypeFromCLSID('DCB00C01-570F-4A9B-8D69-199FDBA5723B')\r\n        $INetworkListManager = [Activator]::CreateInstance($NLMType)  \r\n        return ($INetworkListManager.IsConnectedToInternet -eq $true)\r\n    }\r\n    function Get-ComponentAndErrorCode([string]$msg) {\t\r\n        $Codes = [regex]::matches($msg, \"0x[a-f0-9a-f0-9A-F0-9A-F0-9]{6,8}\")\r\n        if ($Codes.count -gt 1) {\r\n            $CodeList = \"\"\r\n            # there can be more than one error code can be returned for the same component at once\r\n            foreach ($Code in $Codes) {\r\n                $CodeList += \"_\" + $Code\r\n            }\r\n            return $CodeList\r\n        }\r\n        else {\r\n            return $Codes[0].Value\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n    function Get-DatedEvents($EventLog) {\r\n        $DatedEvents = @()\r\n        if ($null -eq $EventLog) {\r\n            return $null \r\n        }\r\n        foreach ($Event in $EventLog) {\r\n            #$eventMsg = $event.Message\r\n            $DatedEvents += $Event.Message\r\n        }\r\n        return $DatedEvents\r\n    }\r\n    function Get-SystemEvents($EventSrc, $Time) {\r\n        $Events = Get-WinEvent -ProviderName $EventsSrc -ErrorAction 0 | Where-Object { ($_.LevelDisplayName -ne \"Information\") -and (($_.Id -eq 20) -or ($_.Id -eq 25)) -and ($_.TimeCreated -gt $Time) }\r\n        return $Events\r\n    }\r\n    function Get-HasWinUpdateErrorInLastWeek([switch]$AllLastWeekError) {\r\n        $Events = @()\r\n        $EventsSrc = \"Microsoft-Windows-WindowsUpdateClient\"\r\n        $startTime = (Get-Date) - (New-TimeSpan -Day 8)\r\n        $wuEvents = Get-SystemEvents $EventsSrc $startTime\r\n        if ($null -eq $wuEvents) {\r\n            return $null\r\n        }\r\n        $Events += Get-DatedEvents $wuEvents\r\n        $LatestError = Get-ComponentAndErrorCode $Events[0]\r\n        $ErrorList = @{}\r\n        $ErrorList.add(\"latest\", $LatestError)\r\n        if ($AllLastWeekError) {\r\n            foreach ($str in $Events) {\r\n                $ECode = Get-ComponentAndErrorCode $str\r\n                if ($null -ne $ECode -and !$ErrorList.ContainsValue($ECode)) {\r\n                    $ErrorList.add($ECode, $ECode)\r\n                }\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n        return $ErrorList\r\n    }\r\n    Function Get-LocalTime($UTCTime) {\r\n        $strCurrentTimeZone = (Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_TimeZone).StandardName\r\n        # If running test cases return current date\r\n        if ($env:NinjaPesterTesting) {\r\n            return Get-Date\r\n        }\r\n        $TZ = [System.TimeZoneInfo]::FindSystemTimeZoneById($strCurrentTimeZone)\r\n        Return [System.TimeZoneInfo]::ConvertTimeFromUtc($UTCTime, $TZ)\r\n    }\r\n    $IssuesFound = $false\r\n    $Log = [System.Collections.Generic.List[String]]::new()\r\n}\r\nprocess {\r\n    if (-not (Test-IsElevated)) {\r\n        Write-Error -Message \"Access Denied. Please run with Administrator privileges.\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if (-not $(Test-ConnectedToInternet)) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Issue] Windows doesn't think it is connected to Internet.\"\r\n        $IssuesFound = $true\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check CryptSvc amd bits services\r\n    $Service = Get-Service -Name CryptSvc\r\n    if ($Service.StartType -notlike 'Automatic') {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Issue] (CryptSvc) CryptSvc service is set to $($Service.StartType) but needs to be set to Automatic\"\r\n        $Log.Add(\"[Issue] (CryptSvc) CryptSvc service is set to $($Service.StartType) but needs to be set to Automatic\")\r\n        $IssuesFound = $true\r\n    }\r\n    else {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Info] (CryptSvc) CryptSvc service is set to $($Service.StartType)\"\r\n        $Log.Add(\"[Info] (CryptSvc) CryptSvc service is set to $($Service.StartType)\")\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    $Service = Get-Service -Name bits\r\n    if ($Service.StartType -eq 'Disabled') {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Issue] (bits) BITS service is set to $($Service.StartType) but needs to be set to Manual\"\r\n        $Log.Add(\"[Issue] (bits) BITS service is set to $($Service.StartType) but needs to be set to Manual\")\r\n        $IssuesFound = $true\r\n    }\r\n    else {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Info] (bits) BITS service is set to $($Service.StartType)\"\r\n        $Log.Add(\"[Info] (bits) BITS service is set to $($Service.StartType)\")\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check that Windows Update service is running and isn't disabled\r\n    $wuService = Get-Service -Name wuauserv -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue\r\n    if ($wuService.Status -ne \"Running\") {\r\n        $Service = Get-Service -Name wuauserv\r\n        if ($Service.StartType -eq 'Disabled') {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Issue] (wuauserv) Windows Update service is set to $($Service.StartType) but needs to be set to Automatic (Trigger Start) or Manual\"\r\n            $Log.Add(\"[Issue] (wuauserv) Windows Update service is set to $($Service.StartType) but needs to be set to Automatic (Trigger Start) or Manual\")\r\n            $IssuesFound = $true\r\n        }\r\n        else {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Info] (wuauserv) Windows Update service is set to $($Service.StartType)\"\r\n            $Log.Add(\"[Info] (wuauserv) Windows Update service is set to $($Service.StartType)\")\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check WaaSMedic\r\n    $SupportWaaSMedic = [System.Environment]::OSVersion.Version.Build -gt 17600\r\n    if ($SupportWaaSMedic) {\r\n        $Plugins = Test-WaaSMedic\r\n        $PluginIssues = $Plugins | Where-Object { $_.Parameter[\"error\"] } | ForEach-Object {\r\n            $PluginErrors = $_.Parameter[\"error\"]\r\n            \"[Potential Issue] WaaSMedic plugin errors found with: $($PluginErrors)\"\r\n        }\r\n        if ($PluginIssues.Count -gt 1) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Issue] Found more than 1 plugin errors.\"\r\n            $Log.Add(\"[Issue] Found more than 1 plugin errors.\")\r\n            $PluginIssues | Write-Host\r\n            $IssuesFound = $true\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check if NTP is setup\r\n    if (\"NoSync\" -eq (Get-TimeSyncType)) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Issue] NTP not setup!\"\r\n        $Log.Add(\"[Issue] NTP not setup!\")\r\n        $IssuesFound = $true\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check Windows Update logs\r\n    $EventErrors = Get-HasWinUpdateErrorInLastWeek -AllLastWeekError\r\n    if ($EventErrors.Count -gt 0) {\r\n        if (![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($allError.Values)) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Issue] Event Log has Windows Update errors.\"\r\n            $Log.Add(\"[Issue] Event Log has Windows Update errors.\")\r\n            $errorCodes = $allError.Values -join ';'\r\n            Write-Host \"[Issue] Error codes found: $errorCodes\"\r\n            $Log.Add(\"[Issue] Error codes found: $errorCodes\")\r\n            $IssuesFound = $true\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # If no issues found, get number of days since the last check for updates happened\r\n    if (-not $IssuesFound) {\r\n        $LastCheck = Get-LocalTime $(New-Object -ComObject Microsoft.Update.AutoUpdate).Results.LastSearchSuccessDate\r\n\r\n        Write-Host \"[Info] Last checked for updates on $($LastCheck.ToShortDateString())\"\r\n        $Log.Add(\"[Info] Last checked for updates on $($LastCheck.ToShortDateString())\")\r\n\r\n        $LastCheckTimeSpan = New-TimeSpan -Start $LastCheck -End $(Get-Date)\r\n        if ($LastCheckTimeSpan.TotalDays -gt $Days) {\r\n            $Days = [System.Math]::Round($LastCheckTimeSpan.TotalDays, 0)\r\n            Write-Host \"[Issue] Windows Update has not checked for updates in over $Days days.\"\r\n            $Log.Add(\"[Issue] Windows Update has not checked for updates in over $Days days.\")\r\n            $IssuesFound = $true\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if ($ResultsCustomField) {\r\n        Ninja-Property-Set -Name $ResultsCustomField -Value $($Log | Out-String)\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if ($IssuesFound) {\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n    exit 0\r\n}\r\nend {\r\n    \r\n    \r\n    \r\n}<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n\n
Accede a m\u00e1s de 300 scripts en el Dojo de NinjaOne<\/p>\n
Obt\u00e9n acceso<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
An\u00e1lisis detallado<\/h2>\n
El script funciona realizando una serie de comprobaciones en componentes y servicios clave de Windows Update, cada uno de ellos esencial para que el proceso de actualizaci\u00f3n funcione correctamente. Aqu\u00ed tienes un desglose paso a paso de c\u00f3mo funciona el script para diagnosticar problemas de Windows Update:<\/p>\n
1. Control de la elevaci\u00f3n de los permisos<\/strong>: el script comienza verificando que se est\u00e1 ejecutando con privilegios de administrador, necesarios para modificar los servicios del sistema y acceder a registros espec\u00edficos.<\/p>\n
2. Prueba de conectividad a Internet<\/strong>: comprueba si el sistema est\u00e1 conectado a Internet, un requisito b\u00e1sico para descargar actualizaciones.<\/p>\n
3. Comprobaciones del estado del servicio<\/strong>:<\/p>\n