{"id":353795,"date":"2024-09-24T07:20:45","date_gmt":"2024-09-24T07:20:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/script-hub\/desinstalacion-de-aplicaciones\/"},"modified":"2024-10-13T19:03:21","modified_gmt":"2024-10-13T19:03:21","slug":"desinstalacion-de-aplicaciones","status":"publish","type":"script_hub","link":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/es\/script-hub\/desinstalacion-de-aplicaciones\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f3mo automatizar la desinstalaci\u00f3n de aplicaciones en Windows mediante PowerShell"},"content":{"rendered":"

En el mundo de la inform\u00e1tica, gestionar software en varios equipos es una tarea compleja y cr\u00edtica. Uno de los retos habituales a los que se enfrentan los administradores de TI es desinstalar aplicaciones de forma eficaz<\/a> y estandarizada.<\/p>\n

La desinstalaci\u00f3n de aplicaciones manual, especialmente en varios endpoints, no s\u00f3lo lleva mucho tiempo, sino que tambi\u00e9n es propensa a errores. Aqu\u00ed es donde entran en juego los scripts PowerShell<\/a>, como el que vamos a comentar.<\/p>\n

Este script en particular sirve para automatizar la desinstalaci\u00f3n de aplicaciones<\/strong>\u00a0utilizando UninstallString y argumentos personalizados, proporcionando un enfoque racionalizado para gestionar las eliminaciones de software.<\/p>\n

Necesidad de un script de desinstalaci\u00f3n automatizada<\/h2>\n

La desinstalaci\u00f3n de software, especialmente en grandes organizaciones, no es una tarea sencilla. Los profesionales de TI y los proveedores de servicios gestionados (MSP)<\/a> tratan a menudo con un conjunto diverso de aplicaciones instaladas en varios equipos. Cada aplicaci\u00f3n puede requerir diferentes comandos de desinstalaci\u00f3n o seguir protocolos distintos.<\/p>\n

El script que estamos analizando est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para manejar estos matices, a\u00f1adiendo autom\u00e1ticamente los argumentos necesarios como \/qn \/norestart o \/S, que son esenciales para las desinstalaciones silenciosas y sin reinicios. Esta automatizaci\u00f3n es crucial para mantener la coherencia y la eficacia<\/a> en entornos de TI a gran escala.<\/p>\n

El script para automatizar la desinstalaci\u00f3n de aplicaciones<\/h2>\n
#Requires -Version 5.1\r\n\r\n<#\r\n.SYNOPSIS\r\n    Uninstall an application using the UninstallString and custom arguments. This script will auto-add \/qn \/norestart or \/S arguments.\r\n\r\n    This script will only uninstall apps that follow typical uninstall patterns such as msiexec \/X{GUID} \/qn \/norestart.\r\n.DESCRIPTION\r\n    Uninstall an application using the UninstallString and custom arguments. This script will auto-add \/qn \/norestart or \/S arguments.\r\n\r\n    This script will only uninstall apps that follow typical uninstall patterns such as msiexec \/X{GUID} \/qn \/norestart.\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    -Name \"VLC media Player\"\r\n    \r\n    Beginning uninstall of VLC media player using MsiExec.exe \/X{9675011C-2395-4AD7-B1CC-92910F991F58} \/qn \/norestart...\r\n    Exit Code for VLC media player: 0\r\n    Successfully uninstalled your requested apps!\r\n\r\nPARAMETER: -Name \"ReplaceMeWithNameOfApp\"\r\n    Exact name of the application to uninstall, separated by commas. E.g., 'VLC media player, Everything 1.4.1.1024 (x64)'.\r\n\r\nPARAMETER: -Arguments \"\/SILENT, \/NOREBOOT\"\r\n    Additional arguments to use when uninstalling the app, separated by commas. E.g., '\/SILENT, \/NOREBOOT'.\r\n\r\nPARAMETER: -Reboot\r\n    Schedules a reboot for 1 minute after the uninstall process succeeds.\r\n\r\nPARAMETER: -Timeout \"ReplaceMeWithTheNumberOfMinutesToWait\"\r\n    Specify the amount of time in minutes to wait for the uninstall process to complete. \r\n    If the process exceeds this time, the script and uninstall process will be terminated.\r\n\r\n.NOTES\r\n    Minimum OS Architecture Supported: Windows 10, Windows Server 2016\r\n    Release Notes: Initial Release\r\n.COMPONENT\r\n    Misc\r\n#>\r\n\r\n[CmdletBinding()]\r\nparam (\r\n    [Parameter()]\r\n    [String]$Name,\r\n    [Parameter()]\r\n    [String]$Arguments,\r\n    [Parameter()]\r\n    [switch]$Reboot = [System.Convert]::ToBoolean($env:reboot),\r\n    [Parameter()]\r\n    [int]$Timeout = 10\r\n)\r\n\r\nbegin {\r\n    # Replace parameters with dynamic script variables\r\n    if ($env:nameOfAppToUninstall -and $env:nameOfAppToUninstall -notlike \"null\") { $Name = $env:nameOfAppToUninstall }\r\n    if ($env:arguments -and $env:arguments -notlike \"null\") { $Arguments = $env:arguments }\r\n    if ($env:timeoutInMinutes -and $env:timeoutInMinutes -notlike \"null\") { $Timeout = $env:timeoutInMinutes }\r\n\r\n    # Check if application name is provided\r\n    if (-not $Name) {\r\n        Write-Host -Object \"[Error] No name given, please enter in the name of an app to uninstall!\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check if timeout is provided\r\n    if (-not $Timeout) {\r\n        Write-Host -Object \"[Error] No timeout given!\"\r\n        Write-Host -Object \"[Error] Please enter in a timeout that's greater than or equal to 1 minute or less than or equal to 60 minutes.\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Validate the timeout is within the acceptable range\r\n    if ($Timeout -lt 1 -or $Timeout -gt 60) {\r\n        Write-Host -Object \"[Error] An invalid timeout was given of $Timeout minutes.\"\r\n        Write-Host -Object \"[Error] Please enter in a timeout that's greater than or equal to 1 minute or less than or equal to 60 minutes.\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Create a list to hold application names after splitting\r\n    $AppNames = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[String]\r\n    $Name -split ',' | ForEach-Object {\r\n        $AppNames.Add($_.Trim())\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Function to check if the script is run with elevated permissions\r\n    function Test-IsElevated {\r\n        $id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()\r\n        $p = New-Object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($id)\r\n        $p.IsInRole([System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Get all users registry hive locations\r\n    function Get-UserHives {\r\n        param (\r\n            [Parameter()]\r\n            [ValidateSet('AzureAD', 'DomainAndLocal', 'All')]\r\n            [String]$Type = \"All\",\r\n            [Parameter()]\r\n            [String[]]$ExcludedUsers,\r\n            [Parameter()]\r\n            [switch]$IncludeDefault\r\n        )\r\n    \r\n        # User account SID's follow a particular pattern depending on if they're Azure AD, a Domain account, or a local \"workgroup\" account.\r\n        $Patterns = switch ($Type) {\r\n            \"AzureAD\" { \"S-1-12-1-(\\d+-?){4}$\" }\r\n            \"DomainAndLocal\" { \"S-1-5-21-(\\d+-?){4}$\" }\r\n            \"All\" { \"S-1-12-1-(\\d+-?){4}$\" ; \"S-1-5-21-(\\d+-?){4}$\" } \r\n        }\r\n    \r\n        # We'll need the NTUSER.DAT file to load each user's registry hive. So we grab it if their account SID matches the above pattern. \r\n        $UserProfiles = Foreach ($Pattern in $Patterns) { \r\n            Get-ItemProperty \"HKLM:\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\ProfileList\\*\" |\r\n                Where-Object { $_.PSChildName -match $Pattern } | \r\n                Select-Object @{Name = \"SID\"; Expression = { $_.PSChildName } },\r\n                @{Name = \"UserName\"; Expression = { \"$($_.ProfileImagePath | Split-Path -Leaf)\" } }, \r\n                @{Name = \"UserHive\"; Expression = { \"$($_.ProfileImagePath)\\NTuser.dat\" } }, \r\n                @{Name = \"Path\"; Expression = { $_.ProfileImagePath } }\r\n        }\r\n    \r\n        # There are some situations where grabbing the .Default user's info is needed.\r\n        switch ($IncludeDefault) {\r\n            $True {\r\n                $DefaultProfile = \"\" | Select-Object UserName, SID, UserHive, Path\r\n                $DefaultProfile.UserName = \"Default\"\r\n                $DefaultProfile.SID = \"DefaultProfile\"\r\n                $DefaultProfile.Userhive = \"$env:SystemDrive\\Users\\Default\\NTUSER.DAT\"\r\n                $DefaultProfile.Path = \"C:\\Users\\Default\"\r\n    \r\n                $DefaultProfile | Where-Object { $ExcludedUsers -notcontains $_.UserName }\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n    \r\n        $UserProfiles | Where-Object { $ExcludedUsers -notcontains $_.UserName }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Function to find the uninstallation key of an application\r\n    function Find-UninstallKey {\r\n        [CmdletBinding()]\r\n        param (\r\n            [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $True)]\r\n            [String]$DisplayName,\r\n            [Parameter()]\r\n            [Switch]$UninstallString\r\n        )\r\n        process {\r\n            $UninstallList = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[Object]\r\n\r\n            # Search for uninstall key in 32-bit registry location\r\n            $Result = Get-ChildItem \"Registry::HKEY_USERS\\*\\Software\\Wow6432Node\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Uninstall\\*\" | Get-ItemProperty | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -match \"$([regex]::Escape($DisplayName))\" }\r\n            if ($Result) { $UninstallList.Add($Result) }\r\n\r\n            # Search for uninstall key in 32-bit user locations\r\n            $Result = Get-ChildItem HKLM:\\Software\\Wow6432Node\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Uninstall\\* | Get-ItemProperty | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -match \"$([regex]::Escape($DisplayName))\" }\r\n            if ($Result) { $UninstallList.Add($Result) }\r\n\r\n            # Search for uninstall key in 64-bit registry location\r\n            $Result = Get-ChildItem HKLM:\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Uninstall\\* | Get-ItemProperty | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -match \"$([regex]::Escape($DisplayName))\" }\r\n            if ($Result) { $UninstallList.Add($Result) }\r\n\r\n            # Search for uninstall key in 64-bit user locations\r\n            $Result = Get-ChildItem \"Registry::HKEY_USERS\\*\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Uninstall\\*\" | Get-ItemProperty | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -match \"$([regex]::Escape($DisplayName))\" }\r\n            if ($Result) { $UninstallList.Add($Result) }\r\n    \r\n            # Optionally return the DisplayName and UninstallString\r\n            if ($UninstallString) {\r\n                $UninstallList | ForEach-Object { $_ | Select-Object DisplayName, UninstallString -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue }\r\n            }\r\n            else {\r\n                $UninstallList\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Initialize the exit code variable\r\n    $ExitCode = 0\r\n}\r\nprocess {\r\n    # Check for administrative privileges\r\n    if (-not (Test-IsElevated)) {\r\n        Write-Host -Object \"[Error] Access Denied. Please run with Administrator privileges.\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Load unloaded profiles\r\n    $UserProfiles = Get-UserHives -Type \"All\"\r\n    $ProfileWasLoaded = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[string]\r\n\r\n    # Loop through each profile on the machine.\r\n    Foreach ($UserProfile in $UserProfiles) {\r\n        # Load user's NTUSER.DAT if it's not already loaded.\r\n        If ((Test-Path Registry::HKEY_USERS\\$($UserProfile.SID)) -eq $false) {\r\n            Start-Process -FilePath \"cmd.exe\" -ArgumentList \"\/C reg.exe LOAD HKU\\$($UserProfile.SID) `\"$($UserProfile.UserHive)`\"\" -Wait -WindowStyle Hidden\r\n            $ProfileWasLoaded.Add(\"$($UserProfile.SID)\")\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Retrieve similar applications based on names provided\r\n    $SimilarAppsToName = $AppNames | ForEach-Object { Find-UninstallKey -DisplayName $_ -UninstallString }\r\n    if (-not $SimilarAppsToName) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Error] The requested app(s) was not found and none were found that are similar!\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Unload all hives that were loaded for this script.\r\n    ForEach ($UserHive in $ProfileWasLoaded) {\r\n        If ($ProfileWasLoaded -eq $false) {\r\n            [gc]::Collect()\r\n            Start-Sleep 1\r\n            Start-Process -FilePath \"cmd.exe\" -ArgumentList \"\/C reg.exe UNLOAD HKU\\$($UserHive)\" -Wait -WindowStyle Hidden | Out-Null\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Create a list to store apps that are confirmed for uninstallation\r\n    $AppsToUninstall = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[Object]\r\n    $SimilarAppsToName | ForEach-Object {\r\n        foreach ($AppName in $AppNames) {\r\n            if ($AppName -eq $_.DisplayName) {\r\n                # A matching app has been found\r\n                $ExactMatch = $True\r\n    \r\n                if ($_.UninstallString) {\r\n                    # Uninstall string is available\r\n                    $UninstallStringFound = $True\r\n                    # Add app to uninstall list\r\n                    $AppsToUninstall.Add($_)\r\n                }\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check if any exact matches were found\r\n    if (-not $ExactMatch) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Error] Your requested apps were not found. Please see the below list and try again.\"\r\n        $SimilarAppsToName | Format-Table DisplayName | Out-String | Write-Host\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check if uninstall strings were found for the apps\r\n    if (-not $UninstallStringFound) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Error] No uninstall string found for any of your requested apps!\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check if there are apps without uninstall strings or not found at all\r\n    $AppNames | ForEach-Object {\r\n        if ($AppsToUninstall.DisplayName -notcontains $_) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] Either the uninstall string was not present or the app itself was not found for one of your selected apps! See the below list of similar apps and try again.\"\r\n            $SimilarAppsToName | Format-Table DisplayName | Out-String | Write-Host\r\n            $ExitCode = 1\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Convert timeout from minutes to seconds\r\n    $TimeoutInSeconds = $Timeout * 60\r\n    $StartTime = Get-Date\r\n\r\n    # Process each app to uninstall\r\n    $AppsToUninstall | ForEach-Object {\r\n        $AdditionalArguments = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[String]\r\n\r\n        # If the uninstall string contains msiexec that's what our executable will be.\r\n        if($_.UninstallString -match \"msiexec\"){\r\n            $Executable = \"msiexec.exe\"\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # If it contains a filepath we'll use that as our executable.\r\n        if($_.UninstallString -notmatch \"msiexec\" -and $_.UninstallString -match '[a-zA-Z]:\\\\(?:[^\\\\\\\/:*?\"<>|\\r\\n]+\\\\)*[^\\\\\\\/:*?\"<>|\\r\\n]*'){\r\n            $Executable = $Matches[0]\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # Confirm we have an executable.\r\n        if(-not $Executable){\r\n            Write-Host -Object \"[Error] Unable to find uninstall executable!\"\r\n            exit 1\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # Split uninstall string into executable and possible arguments\r\n        $PossibleArguments = $_.UninstallString -split ' ' | ForEach-Object { $_.Trim() } | Where-Object { $_ -match \"^\/\"}\r\n\r\n        # Decide executable and additional arguments based on uninstall string analysis\r\n        $i = 0\r\n        foreach ($PossibleArgument in $PossibleArguments) {\r\n            if (-not ($PossibleArgument -match \"^\/I{\") -and $PossibleArgument) {\r\n                $AdditionalArguments.Add($PossibleArgument)\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            if ($PossibleArgument -match \"^\/I{\") {\r\n                $AdditionalArguments.Add(\"$($PossibleArgument -replace '\/I', '\/X')\")\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            $i++\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # Add custom arguments from the user\r\n        if ($Arguments) {\r\n            $Arguments.Split(',') | ForEach-Object {\r\n                $AdditionalArguments.Add($_.Trim())\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # Add the usual silent uninstall arguments if not present\r\n        if($Executable -match \"Msiexec\"){\r\n            if($AdditionalArguments -notcontains \"\/qn\"){\r\n                $AdditionalArguments.Add(\"\/qn\")\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            if($AdditionalArguments -notcontains \"\/norestart\"){\r\n                $AdditionalArguments.Add(\"\/norestart\")\r\n            }\r\n        }elseif($Executable -match \"\\.exe\"){\r\n            if($AdditionalArguments -notcontains \"\/S\"){\r\n                $AdditionalArguments.Add(\"\/S\")\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            if($AdditionalArguments -notcontains \"\/norestart\"){\r\n                $AdditionalArguments.Add(\"\/norestart\")\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # Verify that executable for uninstallation is found\r\n        if (-not $Executable) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] Could not find the executable from the uninstall string!\"\r\n            exit 1\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # Start the uninstallation process\r\n        Write-Host -Object \"Beginning uninstall of $($_.DisplayName) using $Executable $AdditionalArguments...\"\r\n        try{\r\n            if ($AdditionalArguments) {\r\n                $Uninstall = Start-Process $Executable -ArgumentList $AdditionalArguments -NoNewWindow -PassThru\r\n            }\r\n            else {\r\n                $Uninstall = Start-Process $Executable -NoNewWindow -PassThru\r\n            }\r\n        }catch{\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] $($_.Exception.Message)\"\r\n            return\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # Calculate the remaining time for the uninstall process and enforce timeout\r\n        $TimeElapsed = (Get-Date) - $StartTime\r\n        $RemainingTime = $TimeoutInSeconds - $TimeElapsed.TotalSeconds\r\n\r\n        # Wait for the uninstall process to complete within the remaining time\r\n        try {\r\n            $Uninstall | Wait-Process -Timeout $RemainingTime -ErrorAction Stop\r\n        }\r\n        catch {\r\n            Write-Host -Object \"[Alert] The uninstall process for $($_.DisplayName) has exceeded the specified timeout of $Timeout minutes.\"\r\n            Write-Host -Object \"[Alert] The script is now terminating.\"\r\n            $Uninstall | Stop-Process -Force\r\n            $ExitCode = 1\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # Check and report the exit code of the uninstallation process\r\n        Write-Host -Object \"Exit code for $($_.DisplayName): $($Uninstall.ExitCode)\"\r\n        if ($Uninstall.ExitCode -ne 0) {\r\n            Write-Host -Object \"[Error] Exit code does not indicate success!\"\r\n            $ExitCode = 1\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Pause for 30 seconds before final checks\r\n    Start-Sleep -Seconds 30\r\n\r\n    $UserProfiles = Get-UserHives -Type \"All\"\r\n    $ProfileWasLoaded = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[string]\r\n\r\n    # Loop through each profile on the machine.\r\n    Foreach ($UserProfile in $UserProfiles) {\r\n        # Load user's NTUSER.DAT if it's not already loaded.\r\n        If ((Test-Path Registry::HKEY_USERS\\$($UserProfile.SID)) -eq $false) {\r\n            Start-Process -FilePath \"cmd.exe\" -ArgumentList \"\/C reg.exe LOAD HKU\\$($UserProfile.SID) `\"$($UserProfile.UserHive)`\"\" -Wait -WindowStyle Hidden\r\n            $ProfileWasLoaded.Add(\"$($UserProfile.SID)\")\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Re-check for any remaining apps to confirm they were uninstalled\r\n    $SimilarAppsToName = $AppNames | ForEach-Object { Find-UninstallKey -DisplayName $_ }\r\n    $SimilarAppsToName | ForEach-Object {\r\n        foreach ($AppName in $AppNames) {\r\n            if ($_.DisplayName -eq $AppName) {\r\n                Write-Host -Object \"[Error] Failed to uninstall $($_.DisplayName).\"\r\n                $UninstallFailure = $True\r\n                $ExitCode = 1\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Unload all hives that were loaded for this script.\r\n    ForEach ($UserHive in $ProfileWasLoaded) {\r\n        If ($ProfileWasLoaded -eq $false) {\r\n            [gc]::Collect()\r\n            Start-Sleep 1\r\n            Start-Process -FilePath \"cmd.exe\" -ArgumentList \"\/C reg.exe UNLOAD HKU\\$($UserHive)\" -Wait -WindowStyle Hidden | Out-Null\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Confirm successful uninstallation if no failures detected\r\n    if (-not $UninstallFailure) {\r\n        Write-Host \"Successfully uninstalled your requested apps!\"\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Handle reboot if requested and there were no uninstall failures\r\n    if ($Reboot -and -not $UninstallFailure) {\r\n        Write-Host -Object \"[Alert] a reboot was requested. Scheduling restart for 60 seconds from now...\"\r\n        Start-Process shutdown.exe -ArgumentList \"\/r \/t 60\" -Wait -NoNewWindow\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Exit script with the final exit code\r\n    exit $ExitCode\r\n}\r\nend {\r\n    \r\n    \r\n    \r\n}\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n\n
<\/div>\n
C\u00f3mo funciona el script<\/h2>\n
Este script est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para desinstalar aplicaciones bas\u00e1ndose en sus nombres y maneja una variedad de escenarios que pueden surgir durante el proceso de desinstalaci\u00f3n de aplicaciones. A continuaci\u00f3n se detalla paso a paso el funcionamiento del script:<\/p>\n
1. Definici\u00f3n de par\u00e1metros y tratamiento de entradas<\/h3>\n