{"id":353779,"date":"2024-09-04T12:31:09","date_gmt":"2024-09-04T12:31:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/script-hub\/eliminar-el-bloatware-de-microsoft\/"},"modified":"2024-10-13T19:06:13","modified_gmt":"2024-10-13T19:06:13","slug":"eliminar-el-bloatware-de-microsoft","status":"publish","type":"script_hub","link":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/es\/script-hub\/eliminar-el-bloatware-de-microsoft\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f3mo eliminar el bloatware de Microsoft de forma eficaz mediante un script PowerShell"},"content":{"rendered":"

En el panorama inform\u00e1tico, el bloatware suele suponer un reto importante tanto para los usuarios de forma general como para los profesionales de TI que gestionan m\u00faltiples sistemas. El bloatware hace referencia al software no deseado preinstalado en un ordenador nuevo, que puede ralentizar el rendimiento y saturar el sistema.<\/p>\n

Resolver este problema de forma eficaz es crucial, y los scripts de PowerShell<\/a> ofrecen una potente soluci\u00f3n. Este post profundizar\u00e1 en un script PowerShell espec\u00edfico dise\u00f1ado para eliminar el bloatware com\u00fan<\/strong>, proporcionando un desglose detallado, casos de uso, comparaciones, preguntas frecuentes y buenas pr\u00e1cticas.<\/p>\n

Backgroundb<\/h2>\n

El bloatware, tambi\u00e9n conocido como software preinstalado, suele incluir versiones de prueba de programas, herramientas promocionales y otras aplicaciones innecesarias que consumen valiosos recursos.<\/p>\n

Para los proveedores de servicios gestionados (MSP)<\/a> y los profesionales de TI, eliminar estas aplicaciones en numerosos dispositivos puede resultar laborioso y tedioso. Este script de PowerShell automatiza la eliminaci\u00f3n del bloatware com\u00fan, agilizando el proceso y garantizando un sistema m\u00e1s limpio y eficiente<\/a>.<\/p>\n

El script para eliminar el bloatware<\/h2>\n
#Requires -Version 5.1\r\n\r\n<#\r\n.SYNOPSIS\r\n    Removes common bloatware that is often pre-installed on a PC.\r\n.DESCRIPTION\r\n    Removes common bloatware that is often pre-installed on a PC.\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    -AppsToRemove \"Amazon.com.Amazon, AmazonVideo.PrimeVideo, Clipchamp.Clipchamp, Disney.37853FC22B2CE, DropboxInc.Dropbox, Facebook.Facebook, Facebook.InstagramBeta, king.com.BubbleWitch3Saga, king.com.CandyCrushSaga, king.com.CandyCrushSodaSaga, 5A894077.McAfeeSecurity, 4DF9E0F8.Netflix, SpotifyAB.SpotifyMusic, BytedancePte.Ltd.TikTok, 5319275A.WhatsAppDesktop\"\r\n    \r\n    [Warn] Amazon.com.Amazon is not installed!\r\n    Attempting to remove AmazonVideo.PrimeVideo...\r\n    Successfully removed AmazonVideo.PrimeVideo.\r\n    Attempting to remove Clipchamp.Clipchamp...\r\n    Successfully removed Clipchamp.Clipchamp.\r\n    Attempting to remove Disney.37853FC22B2CE...\r\n    Successfully removed Disney.37853FC22B2CE.\r\n    Attempting to remove DropboxInc.Dropbox...\r\n    Successfully removed DropboxInc.Dropbox.\r\n    Attempting to remove FACEBOOK.FACEBOOK...\r\n    Successfully removed FACEBOOK.FACEBOOK.\r\n    Attempting to remove Facebook.InstagramBeta...\r\n    Successfully removed Facebook.InstagramBeta.\r\n    [Warn] king.com.BubbleWitch3Saga is not installed!\r\n    [Warn] king.com.CandyCrushSaga is not installed!\r\n    [Warn] king.com.CandyCrushSodaSaga is not installed!\r\n    Attempting to remove 5A894077.McAfeeSecurity...\r\n    Successfully removed 5A894077.McAfeeSecurity.\r\n    Attempting to remove 4DF9E0F8.Netflix...\r\n    Successfully removed 4DF9E0F8.Netflix.\r\n    Attempting to remove SpotifyAB.SpotifyMusic...\r\n    Successfully removed SpotifyAB.SpotifyMusic.\r\n    Attempting to remove BytedancePte.Ltd.TikTok...\r\n    Successfully removed BytedancePte.Ltd.TikTok.\r\n    Attempting to remove 5319275A.WhatsAppDesktop...\r\n    Successfully removed 5319275A.WhatsAppDesktop.\r\n\r\nPARAMETER: -AppsToRemove \"AmazonVideo.PrimeVideo\"\r\n    A comma-separated list of Appx package names you would like to remove.\r\n\r\nPARAMETER: -OverrideWithCustomField \"ReplaceMeWithAmultilineCustomFieldName\"\r\n    Name of a multiline custom field to retrieve the 'Apps To Remove' list.\r\n\r\n.NOTES\r\n    Minimum OS Architecture Supported: Windows 10, Windows Server 2016\r\n    Release Notes: Initial Release\r\nBy using this script, you indicate your acceptance of the following legal terms as well as our Terms of Use at https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/terms-of-use.\r\n    Ownership Rights: NinjaOne owns and will continue to own all right, title, and interest in and to the script (including the copyright). NinjaOne is giving you a limited license to use the script in accordance with these legal terms. \r\n    Use Limitation: You may only use the script for your legitimate personal or internal business purposes, and you may not share the script with another party. \r\n    Republication Prohibition: Under no circumstances are you permitted to re-publish the script in any script library or website belonging to or under the control of any other software provider. \r\n    Warranty Disclaimer: The script is provided \u201cas is\u201d and \u201cas available\u201d, without warranty of any kind. NinjaOne makes no promise or guarantee that the script will be free from defects or that it will meet your specific needs or expectations. \r\n    Assumption of Risk: Your use of the script is at your own risk. You acknowledge that there are certain inherent risks in using the script, and you understand and assume each of those risks. \r\n    Waiver and Release: You will not hold NinjaOne responsible for any adverse or unintended consequences resulting from your use of the script, and you waive any legal or equitable rights or remedies you may have against NinjaOne relating to your use of the script. \r\n    EULA: If you are a NinjaOne customer, your use of the script is subject to the End User License Agreement applicable to you (EULA).\r\n#>\r\n\r\n[CmdletBinding()]\r\nparam (\r\n    [Parameter()]\r\n    [String]$AppsToRemove = \"Amazon.com.Amazon, AmazonVideo.PrimeVideo, Clipchamp.Clipchamp, Disney.37853FC22B2CE, DropboxInc.Dropbox, Facebook.Facebook, Facebook.InstagramBeta, king.com.BubbleWitch3Saga, king.com.CandyCrushSaga, king.com.CandyCrushSodaSaga, 5A894077.McAfeeSecurity, 4DF9E0F8.Netflix, SpotifyAB.SpotifyMusic, BytedancePte.Ltd.TikTok, 5319275A.WhatsAppDesktop\",\r\n    [Parameter()]\r\n    [String]$OverrideWithCustomField\r\n)\r\n\r\nbegin {\r\n    # Replace parameters with dynamic script variables.\r\n    if ($env:appsToRemove -and $env:appsToRemove -notlike \"null\") { $AppsToRemove = $env:appsToRemove }\r\n    if ($env:overrideWithCustomFieldName -and $env:overrideWithCustomFieldName -notlike \"null\") { $OverrideWithCustomField = $env:overrideWithCustomFieldName }\r\n\r\n    $AppList = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[string]\r\n\r\n    function Get-NinjaProperty {\r\n        [CmdletBinding()]\r\n        Param(\r\n            [Parameter(Mandatory = $True, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]\r\n            [String]$Name\r\n        )\r\n    \r\n        # We'll redirect error output to the success stream to make it easier to error out if nothing was found or something else went wrong.\r\n        $NinjaPropertyValue = Ninja-Property-Get -Name $Name 2>&1\r\n    \r\n        # If we received some sort of error it should have an exception property and we'll exit the function with that error information.\r\n        if ($NinjaPropertyValue.Exception) { throw $NinjaPropertyValue }\r\n    \r\n        if (-not $NinjaPropertyValue) {\r\n            throw [System.NullReferenceException]::New(\"The Custom Field '$Name' is empty!\")\r\n        }\r\n    \r\n        $NinjaPropertyValue\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if ($OverrideWithCustomField) {\r\n        Write-Host \"Attempting to retrieve uninstall list from '$OverrideWithCustomField'.\"\r\n        try {\r\n            $AppsToRemove = Get-NinjaProperty -Name $OverrideWithCustomField -ErrorAction Stop\r\n        }\r\n        catch {\r\n            # If we ran into some sort of error we'll output it here.\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] $($_.Exception.Message)\"\r\n            exit 1\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check if apps to remove are specified; otherwise, list all Appx packages and exit\r\n    if (!$AppsToRemove) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Error] Nothing given to remove? Please specify one of the below packages.\"\r\n        Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Select-Object Name | Sort-Object Name | Out-String | Write-Host\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Regex to detect invalid characters in Appx package names\r\n    $InvalidCharacters = \"[#!@&$)(<>?|:;\\\/{}^%`\"']+\"\r\n\r\n    # Process each app name after splitting the input string\r\n    if ($AppsToRemove -match \",\") {\r\n        $AppsToRemove -split ',' | ForEach-Object {\r\n            $App = $_.Trim()\r\n            if ($App -match '^[-.]' -or $App -match '\\.\\.|--' -or $App -match '[-.]$' -or $App -match \"\\s\" -or $App -match $InvalidCharacters) {\r\n                Write-Host \"[Error] Invalid character in '$App'. Appx package names cannot contain '#!@&$)(<>?|:;\\\/{}^%`\"'', start with '.-', contain a space, or have consecutive '.' or '-' characters.\"\r\n                $ExitCode = 1\r\n                return\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            if ($App.Length -ge 50) {\r\n                Write-Host \"[Error] Appx package name of '$App' is invalid Appx package names must be less than 50 characters.\"\r\n                $ExitCode = 1\r\n                return\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            $AppList.Add($App)\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n    else {\r\n        $AppsToRemove = $AppsToRemove.Trim()\r\n        if ($AppsToRemove -match '^[-.]' -or $AppsToRemove -match '\\.\\.|--' -or $AppsToRemove -match '[-.]$' -or $AppsToRemove -match \"\\s\" -or $AppsToRemove -match $InvalidCharacters) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] Invalid character in '$AppsToRemove'. AppxPackage names cannot contain '#!@&$)(<>?|:;\\\/{}^%`\"'', start with '.-', contain a space, or have consecutive '.' or '-' characters.\"\r\n            Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Select-Object Name | Sort-Object Name | Out-String | Write-Host\r\n            exit 1\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        if ($AppsToRemove.Length -ge 50) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] Appx package name of '$AppsToRemove' is invalid Appx package names must be less than 50 characters.\"\r\n            Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Select-Object Name | Sort-Object Name | Out-String | Write-Host\r\n            exit 1\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        $AppList.Add($AppsToRemove)\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Exit if no valid apps to remove\r\n    if ($AppList.Count -eq 0) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Error] No valid apps to remove!\"\r\n        Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Select-Object Name | Sort-Object Name | Out-String | Write-Host\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Function to check if the script is running with Administrator privileges\r\n    function Test-IsElevated {\r\n        $id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()\r\n        $p = New-Object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($id)\r\n        $p.IsInRole([System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if (!$ExitCode) {\r\n        $ExitCode = 0\r\n    }\r\n}\r\nprocess {\r\n    # Check for Administrator privileges before attempting to remove any packages\r\n    if (!(Test-IsElevated)) {\r\n        Write-Host -Object \"[Error] Access Denied. Please run with Administrator privileges.\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Attempt to remove each specified app\r\n    foreach ($App in $AppList) {\r\n        $AppxPackage = Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Where-Object { $_.Name -Like \"*$App*\" } | Sort-Object Name -Unique\r\n        $ProvisionedPackage = Get-AppxProvisionedPackage -Online | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -like \"*$App*\" } | Sort-Object DisplayName -Unique\r\n        \r\n        # Warn if the app is not installed\r\n        if (!$AppxPackage -and !$ProvisionedPackage) {\r\n            Write-Host \"`n[Warn] $App is not installed!\"\r\n            continue\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # Output an error if too many apps were selected for uninstall\r\n        if ($AppxPackage.Count -gt 1) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] Too many Apps were found with the name '$App'. Please re-run with a more specific name.\"\r\n            Write-Host ($AppxPackage | Select-Object Name | Sort-Object Name | Out-String)\r\n            $ExitCode = 1\r\n            continue\r\n        }\r\n        if ($ProvisionedPackage.Count -gt 1) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] Too many Apps were found with the name '$App'. Please re-run with a more specific name.\"\r\n            Write-Host ($ProvisionedPackage | Select-Object DisplayName | Sort-Object DisplayName | Out-String)\r\n            ExitCode = 1\r\n            continue\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # Output an error if two different packages got selected.\r\n        if ($ProvisionedPackage -and $AppxPackage -and $AppxPackage.Name -ne $ProvisionedPackage.DisplayName) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] Too many Apps were found with the name '$App'. Please re-run with a more specific name.\"\r\n            Write-Host ($ProvisionedPackage | Select-Object DisplayName | Sort-Object DisplayName | Out-String)\r\n            ExitCode = 1\r\n            continue\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        try {\r\n            # Remove the provisioning package first.\r\n            if ($ProvisionedPackage) {\r\n                Write-Host \"`nAttempting to remove provisioning package $($ProvisionedPackage.DisplayName)...\"\r\n                Get-AppxProvisionedPackage -Online | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -like \"*$App*\" } | Remove-AppxProvisionedPackage -Online -AllUsers | Out-Null\r\n                Write-Host \"Successfully removed provisioning package $($ProvisionedPackage.DisplayName).\"\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            # Remove the installed instances.\r\n            if ($AppxPackage) {\r\n                Write-Host \"`nAttempting to remove $($AppxPackage.Name)...\"\r\n                Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Where-Object { $_.Name -Like \"*$App*\" } | Remove-AppxPackage -AllUsers\r\n                Write-Host \"Successfully removed $($AppxPackage.Name).\"\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n        catch {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] $($_.Exception.Message)\"\r\n            $ExitCode = 1\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    exit $ExitCode\r\n}\r\nend {\r\n    \r\n    \r\n    \r\n}<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n\n
<\/h2>
<\/p><\/div>
<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n
An\u00e1lisis detallado<\/h2>\n
Este script PowerShell est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para eliminar el bloatware com\u00fan que suele encontrarse en los nuevos PC con Windows. Aqu\u00ed tienes una explicaci\u00f3n paso a paso de c\u00f3mo funciona el script:<\/p>\n
1. Inicializaci\u00f3n del script y definici\u00f3n de par\u00e1metros<\/h3>\n
El script para eliminar el bloatware comienza definiendo dos par\u00e1metros: $AppsToRemove y $OverrideWithCustomField. $AppsToRemove contiene una lista separada por comas de nombres de paquetes de aplicaciones que se van a eliminar, mientras que $OverrideWithCustomField se puede utilizar para especificar un nombre de campo personalizado que contenga la lista de aplicaciones que se van a eliminar.<\/p>\n
2. Gesti\u00f3n din\u00e1mica de par\u00e1metros<\/h3>\n
El script para eliminar el bloatware comprueba si existen variables de entorno que puedan anular los par\u00e1metros iniciales, lo que garantiza la flexibilidad en diversos escenarios de despliegue.<\/p>\n
3. Recuperaci\u00f3n de campos personalizados<\/h3>\n
Si se especifica un campo personalizado, el script intenta recuperar la lista de aplicaciones a partir de \u00e9l utilizando la funci\u00f3n Get-NinjaProperty. De este modo, los profesionales de TI pueden ajustar din\u00e1micamente la lista de aplicaciones a eliminar.<\/p>\n
4. Validaci\u00f3n y elaboraci\u00f3n de listas<\/h3>\n
El script para eliminar el bloatware valida los nombres de las aplicaciones, comprobando si hay caracteres no v\u00e1lidos, longitud y formato. Los nombres de aplicaciones v\u00e1lidos se a\u00f1aden a la lista $AppList.<\/p>\n
5. Comprobaci\u00f3n de privilegios de administrador<\/h3>\n
Antes de proceder a la eliminaci\u00f3n, el script se asegura de que se est\u00e1 ejecutando con privilegios de administrador mediante la funci\u00f3n Test-IsElevated.<\/p>\n
6. Proceso de eliminaci\u00f3n de la aplicaci\u00f3n<\/h3>\n
El script para eliminar el bloatware itera a trav\u00e9s de cada aplicaci\u00f3n de la lista, intentando eliminar tanto las instancias provisionadas como las instaladas de la aplicaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n
Posibles casos de uso<\/h2>\n
Estudio de un caso hipot\u00e9tico<\/h3>\n
Imagina a un profesional de TI que gestiona una flota de port\u00e1tiles nuevos para un cliente corporativo. Cada port\u00e1til lleva preinstaladas varias aplicaciones bloatware que el cliente no necesita. Con este script de PowerShell para eliminar el bloatware, el profesional de TI puede eliminar r\u00e1pidamente estas aplicaciones no deseadas de todos los port\u00e1tiles en una fracci\u00f3n del tiempo que tardar\u00eda en hacerlo manualmente. El resultado es un sistema m\u00e1s limpio, r\u00e1pido y listo para su despliegue.<\/p>\n
Comparaciones<\/h2>\n
Eliminaci\u00f3n manual vs. script PowerShell:<\/h3>\n