{"id":377491,"date":"2024-10-30T11:57:28","date_gmt":"2024-10-30T11:57:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/?post_type=script_hub&p=377491"},"modified":"2024-10-30T11:57:28","modified_gmt":"2024-10-30T11:57:28","slug":"entfernung-von-windows-bloatware-mit-powershell","status":"publish","type":"script_hub","link":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/de\/script-hub\/entfernung-von-windows-bloatware-mit-powershell\/","title":{"rendered":"Wie man Microsoft-Bloatware mit einem PowerShell-Skript effektiv entfernt"},"content":{"rendered":"

In der IT-Welt stellt Bloatware oft eine gro\u00dfe Herausforderung dar, sowohl f\u00fcr einzelne Benutzer:innen als auch f\u00fcr IT-Experten, die mehrere Systeme verwalten. Als Bloatware bezeichnet man unerw\u00fcnschte auf einem neuen Computer vorinstallierte Software, die die Leistung verlangsamen, bzw. das System \u00fcberladen kann.<\/p>\n

Es ist wichtig, dieses Problem effektiv anzugehen, und da bieten PowerShell-Skripte<\/a> eine leistungsstarke L\u00f6sung, deswegen wird in diesem Blogbeitrag ein spezielles Skript zur Entfernung von Windows-Bloatware mit PowerShell<\/strong> vorgestellt. Genauer gesagt pr\u00e4sentieren wir eine detaillierte Analyse, Anwendungsf\u00e4lle, Vergleiche, h\u00e4ufig gestellte Fragen und Best Practices.<\/p>\n

Kontext<\/h2>\n

Bloatware, auch bekannt als vorinstallierte Software, umfasst oft Testversionen von Software, Werbetools und andere unn\u00f6tige Anwendungen, die wertvolle Ressourcen verbrauchen.<\/p>\n

F\u00fcr Managed Service Provider (MSPs)<\/a> und IT-Experten kann das Entfernen dieser Anwendungen auf zahlreichen Ger\u00e4ten zeitaufw\u00e4ndig und m\u00fchsam sein. Dieses PowerShell-Skript automatisiert die Entfernung g\u00e4ngiger Bloatware, vereinfacht den Prozess und sorgt f\u00fcr ein sauberes, effizienteres<\/a> System.<\/p>\n

Das Skript:<\/h2>\n
#Requires -Version 5.1\r\n\r\n<#\r\n.SYNOPSIS\r\n    Removes common bloatware that is often pre-installed on a PC.\r\n.DESCRIPTION\r\n    Removes common bloatware that is often pre-installed on a PC.\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    -AppsToRemove \"Amazon.com.Amazon, AmazonVideo.PrimeVideo, Clipchamp.Clipchamp, Disney.37853FC22B2CE, DropboxInc.Dropbox, Facebook.Facebook, Facebook.InstagramBeta, king.com.BubbleWitch3Saga, king.com.CandyCrushSaga, king.com.CandyCrushSodaSaga, 5A894077.McAfeeSecurity, 4DF9E0F8.Netflix, SpotifyAB.SpotifyMusic, BytedancePte.Ltd.TikTok, 5319275A.WhatsAppDesktop\"\r\n    \r\n    [Warn] Amazon.com.Amazon is not installed!\r\n    Attempting to remove AmazonVideo.PrimeVideo...\r\n    Successfully removed AmazonVideo.PrimeVideo.\r\n    Attempting to remove Clipchamp.Clipchamp...\r\n    Successfully removed Clipchamp.Clipchamp.\r\n    Attempting to remove Disney.37853FC22B2CE...\r\n    Successfully removed Disney.37853FC22B2CE.\r\n    Attempting to remove DropboxInc.Dropbox...\r\n    Successfully removed DropboxInc.Dropbox.\r\n    Attempting to remove FACEBOOK.FACEBOOK...\r\n    Successfully removed FACEBOOK.FACEBOOK.\r\n    Attempting to remove Facebook.InstagramBeta...\r\n    Successfully removed Facebook.InstagramBeta.\r\n    [Warn] king.com.BubbleWitch3Saga is not installed!\r\n    [Warn] king.com.CandyCrushSaga is not installed!\r\n    [Warn] king.com.CandyCrushSodaSaga is not installed!\r\n    Attempting to remove 5A894077.McAfeeSecurity...\r\n    Successfully removed 5A894077.McAfeeSecurity.\r\n    Attempting to remove 4DF9E0F8.Netflix...\r\n    Successfully removed 4DF9E0F8.Netflix.\r\n    Attempting to remove SpotifyAB.SpotifyMusic...\r\n    Successfully removed SpotifyAB.SpotifyMusic.\r\n    Attempting to remove BytedancePte.Ltd.TikTok...\r\n    Successfully removed BytedancePte.Ltd.TikTok.\r\n    Attempting to remove 5319275A.WhatsAppDesktop...\r\n    Successfully removed 5319275A.WhatsAppDesktop.\r\n\r\nPARAMETER: -AppsToRemove \"AmazonVideo.PrimeVideo\"\r\n    A comma-separated list of Appx package names you would like to remove.\r\n\r\nPARAMETER: -OverrideWithCustomField \"ReplaceMeWithAmultilineCustomFieldName\"\r\n    Name of a multiline custom field to retrieve the 'Apps To Remove' list.\r\n\r\n.NOTES\r\n    Minimum OS Architecture Supported: Windows 10, Windows Server 2016\r\n    Release Notes: Initial Release\r\nBy using this script, you indicate your acceptance of the following legal terms as well as our Terms of Use at https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/terms-of-use.\r\n    Ownership Rights: NinjaOne owns and will continue to own all right, title, and interest in and to the script (including the copyright). NinjaOne is giving you a limited license to use the script in accordance with these legal terms. \r\n    Use Limitation: You may only use the script for your legitimate personal or internal business purposes, and you may not share the script with another party. \r\n    Republication Prohibition: Under no circumstances are you permitted to re-publish the script in any script library or website belonging to or under the control of any other software provider. \r\n    Warranty Disclaimer: The script is provided \u201cas is\u201d and \u201cas available\u201d, without warranty of any kind. NinjaOne makes no promise or guarantee that the script will be free from defects or that it will meet your specific needs or expectations. \r\n    Assumption of Risk: Your use of the script is at your own risk. You acknowledge that there are certain inherent risks in using the script, and you understand and assume each of those risks. \r\n    Waiver and Release: You will not hold NinjaOne responsible for any adverse or unintended consequences resulting from your use of the script, and you waive any legal or equitable rights or remedies you may have against NinjaOne relating to your use of the script. \r\n    EULA: If you are a NinjaOne customer, your use of the script is subject to the End User License Agreement applicable to you (EULA).\r\n#>\r\n\r\n[CmdletBinding()]\r\nparam (\r\n    [Parameter()]\r\n    [String]$AppsToRemove = \"Amazon.com.Amazon, AmazonVideo.PrimeVideo, Clipchamp.Clipchamp, Disney.37853FC22B2CE, DropboxInc.Dropbox, Facebook.Facebook, Facebook.InstagramBeta, king.com.BubbleWitch3Saga, king.com.CandyCrushSaga, king.com.CandyCrushSodaSaga, 5A894077.McAfeeSecurity, 4DF9E0F8.Netflix, SpotifyAB.SpotifyMusic, BytedancePte.Ltd.TikTok, 5319275A.WhatsAppDesktop\",\r\n    [Parameter()]\r\n    [String]$OverrideWithCustomField\r\n)\r\n\r\nbegin {\r\n    # Replace parameters with dynamic script variables.\r\n    if ($env:appsToRemove -and $env:appsToRemove -notlike \"null\") { $AppsToRemove = $env:appsToRemove }\r\n    if ($env:overrideWithCustomFieldName -and $env:overrideWithCustomFieldName -notlike \"null\") { $OverrideWithCustomField = $env:overrideWithCustomFieldName }\r\n\r\n    $AppList = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[string]\r\n\r\n    function Get-NinjaProperty {\r\n        [CmdletBinding()]\r\n        Param(\r\n            [Parameter(Mandatory = $True, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]\r\n            [String]$Name\r\n        )\r\n    \r\n        # We'll redirect error output to the success stream to make it easier to error out if nothing was found or something else went wrong.\r\n        $NinjaPropertyValue = Ninja-Property-Get -Name $Name 2>&1\r\n    \r\n        # If we received some sort of error it should have an exception property and we'll exit the function with that error information.\r\n        if ($NinjaPropertyValue.Exception) { throw $NinjaPropertyValue }\r\n    \r\n        if (-not $NinjaPropertyValue) {\r\n            throw [System.NullReferenceException]::New(\"The Custom Field '$Name' is empty!\")\r\n        }\r\n    \r\n        $NinjaPropertyValue\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if ($OverrideWithCustomField) {\r\n        Write-Host \"Attempting to retrieve uninstall list from '$OverrideWithCustomField'.\"\r\n        try {\r\n            $AppsToRemove = Get-NinjaProperty -Name $OverrideWithCustomField -ErrorAction Stop\r\n        }\r\n        catch {\r\n            # If we ran into some sort of error we'll output it here.\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] $($_.Exception.Message)\"\r\n            exit 1\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check if apps to remove are specified; otherwise, list all Appx packages and exit\r\n    if (!$AppsToRemove) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Error] Nothing given to remove? Please specify one of the below packages.\"\r\n        Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Select-Object Name | Sort-Object Name | Out-String | Write-Host\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Regex to detect invalid characters in Appx package names\r\n    $InvalidCharacters = \"[#!@&$)(<>?|:;\\\/{}^%`\"']+\"\r\n\r\n    # Process each app name after splitting the input string\r\n    if ($AppsToRemove -match \",\") {\r\n        $AppsToRemove -split ',' | ForEach-Object {\r\n            $App = $_.Trim()\r\n            if ($App -match '^[-.]' -or $App -match '\\.\\.|--' -or $App -match '[-.]$' -or $App -match \"\\s\" -or $App -match $InvalidCharacters) {\r\n                Write-Host \"[Error] Invalid character in '$App'. Appx package names cannot contain '#!@&$)(<>?|:;\\\/{}^%`\"'', start with '.-', contain a space, or have consecutive '.' or '-' characters.\"\r\n                $ExitCode = 1\r\n                return\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            if ($App.Length -ge 50) {\r\n                Write-Host \"[Error] Appx package name of '$App' is invalid Appx package names must be less than 50 characters.\"\r\n                $ExitCode = 1\r\n                return\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            $AppList.Add($App)\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n    else {\r\n        $AppsToRemove = $AppsToRemove.Trim()\r\n        if ($AppsToRemove -match '^[-.]' -or $AppsToRemove -match '\\.\\.|--' -or $AppsToRemove -match '[-.]$' -or $AppsToRemove -match \"\\s\" -or $AppsToRemove -match $InvalidCharacters) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] Invalid character in '$AppsToRemove'. AppxPackage names cannot contain '#!@&$)(<>?|:;\\\/{}^%`\"'', start with '.-', contain a space, or have consecutive '.' or '-' characters.\"\r\n            Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Select-Object Name | Sort-Object Name | Out-String | Write-Host\r\n            exit 1\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        if ($AppsToRemove.Length -ge 50) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] Appx package name of '$AppsToRemove' is invalid Appx package names must be less than 50 characters.\"\r\n            Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Select-Object Name | Sort-Object Name | Out-String | Write-Host\r\n            exit 1\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        $AppList.Add($AppsToRemove)\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Exit if no valid apps to remove\r\n    if ($AppList.Count -eq 0) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Error] No valid apps to remove!\"\r\n        Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Select-Object Name | Sort-Object Name | Out-String | Write-Host\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Function to check if the script is running with Administrator privileges\r\n    function Test-IsElevated {\r\n        $id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()\r\n        $p = New-Object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($id)\r\n        $p.IsInRole([System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if (!$ExitCode) {\r\n        $ExitCode = 0\r\n    }\r\n}\r\nprocess {\r\n    # Check for Administrator privileges before attempting to remove any packages\r\n    if (!(Test-IsElevated)) {\r\n        Write-Host -Object \"[Error] Access Denied. Please run with Administrator privileges.\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Attempt to remove each specified app\r\n    foreach ($App in $AppList) {\r\n        $AppxPackage = Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Where-Object { $_.Name -Like \"*$App*\" } | Sort-Object Name -Unique\r\n        $ProvisionedPackage = Get-AppxProvisionedPackage -Online | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -like \"*$App*\" } | Sort-Object DisplayName -Unique\r\n        \r\n        # Warn if the app is not installed\r\n        if (!$AppxPackage -and !$ProvisionedPackage) {\r\n            Write-Host \"`n[Warn] $App is not installed!\"\r\n            continue\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # Output an error if too many apps were selected for uninstall\r\n        if ($AppxPackage.Count -gt 1) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] Too many Apps were found with the name '$App'. Please re-run with a more specific name.\"\r\n            Write-Host ($AppxPackage | Select-Object Name | Sort-Object Name | Out-String)\r\n            $ExitCode = 1\r\n            continue\r\n        }\r\n        if ($ProvisionedPackage.Count -gt 1) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] Too many Apps were found with the name '$App'. Please re-run with a more specific name.\"\r\n            Write-Host ($ProvisionedPackage | Select-Object DisplayName | Sort-Object DisplayName | Out-String)\r\n            ExitCode = 1\r\n            continue\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # Output an error if two different packages got selected.\r\n        if ($ProvisionedPackage -and $AppxPackage -and $AppxPackage.Name -ne $ProvisionedPackage.DisplayName) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] Too many Apps were found with the name '$App'. Please re-run with a more specific name.\"\r\n            Write-Host ($ProvisionedPackage | Select-Object DisplayName | Sort-Object DisplayName | Out-String)\r\n            ExitCode = 1\r\n            continue\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        try {\r\n            # Remove the provisioning package first.\r\n            if ($ProvisionedPackage) {\r\n                Write-Host \"`nAttempting to remove provisioning package $($ProvisionedPackage.DisplayName)...\"\r\n                Get-AppxProvisionedPackage -Online | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -like \"*$App*\" } | Remove-AppxProvisionedPackage -Online -AllUsers | Out-Null\r\n                Write-Host \"Successfully removed provisioning package $($ProvisionedPackage.DisplayName).\"\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            # Remove the installed instances.\r\n            if ($AppxPackage) {\r\n                Write-Host \"`nAttempting to remove $($AppxPackage.Name)...\"\r\n                Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Where-Object { $_.Name -Like \"*$App*\" } | Remove-AppxPackage -AllUsers\r\n                Write-Host \"Successfully removed $($AppxPackage.Name).\"\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n        catch {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Error] $($_.Exception.Message)\"\r\n            $ExitCode = 1\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    exit $ExitCode\r\n}\r\nend {\r\n    \r\n    \r\n    \r\n}<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n\n
Greifen Sie auf \u00fcber 300 Skripte im NinjaOne Dojo zu.<\/p>\n
Zugang erhalten<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Detailansicht<\/h2>\n
Dieses PowerShell-Skript dient zum Entfernen einer Liste g\u00e4ngiger Bloatware-Anwendungen, die h\u00e4ufig auf neuen Windows-PCs zu finden sind. Im Folgenden wird Schritt f\u00fcr Schritt erkl\u00e4rt, wie das Skript funktioniert:<\/p>\n
1. Skriptinitialisierung und Parameterdefinition:<\/h3>\n
Das Skript beginnt mit der Definition zweier Parameter: $AppsToRemove und $OverrideWithCustomField. $AppsToRemove enth\u00e4lt eine durch Komma getrennte Liste der zu entfernenden App-Paketnamen, w\u00e4hrend $OverrideWithCustomField zur Angabe eines benutzerdefinierten Feldnamens verwendet werden kann, der die Liste der zu entfernenden Apps enth\u00e4lt.<\/p>\n
2. Dynamische Parameterbehandlung:<\/h3>\n
Das Skript pr\u00fcft auf Umgebungsvariablen, die die Anfangsparameter \u00fcberschreiben k\u00f6nnten, und gew\u00e4hrleistet so Flexibilit\u00e4t in verschiedenen Bereitstellungs-Szenarien.<\/p>\n
3. Abfrage von benutzerdefinierten Feldern:<\/h3>\n
Wenn ein benutzerdefiniertes Feld angegeben ist, versucht das Skript, die App-Liste mit der Funktion Get-NinjaProperty aus diesem Feld abzurufen. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, dass IT-Experten die Liste der zu entfernenden Anwendungen dynamisch anpassen k\u00f6nnen.<\/p>\n
4. Validierung und Listenerstellung:<\/h3>\n
Das Skript validiert die Namen der Anwendungen und \u00fcberpr\u00fcft sie auf ung\u00fcltige Zeichen, L\u00e4nge und Formatierung. G\u00fcltige Anwendungsnamen werden der $AppList hinzugef\u00fcgt.<\/p>\n
5. Administratorrechte pr\u00fcfen:<\/h3>\n
Bevor das Skript mit der Entfernung fortf\u00e4hrt, pr\u00fcft es mithilfe der Funktion Test-IsElevated, ob es mit Administratorrechten ausgef\u00fchrt wird.<\/p>\n
6. App-Entfernungsprozess:<\/h3>\n
Das Skript durchl\u00e4uft jede Anwendung in der Liste und versucht, sowohl die bereitgestellten als auch die installierten Instanzen der Anwendung zu entfernen.<\/p>\n
Potenzielle Anwendungsf\u00e4lle<\/h2>\n
Hypothetische Fallstudie<\/h3>\n
Stellen Sie sich vor, ein IT-Experte verwaltet eine Vielfalt neuer Laptops f\u00fcr einen Firmenkunden. Auf jedem Laptop sind verschiedene Bloatware-Anwendungen vorinstalliert, die der Kunde nicht ben\u00f6tigt. Mit diesem PowerShell-Skript kann der IT-Experte diese unerw\u00fcnschten Anwendungen schnell von allen Laptops entfernen, und zwar in einem Bruchteil der Zeit, die er f\u00fcr eine manuelle Installation ben\u00f6tigen w\u00fcrde. Das Ergebnis ist ein sauberes, schnelleres und einsatzbereites System.<\/p>\n
Vergleiche<\/h2>\n
Manuelle Entfernung vs. PowerShell-Skript:<\/h3>\n