{"id":353613,"date":"2024-09-24T13:53:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-24T13:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/script-hub\/diagnose-von-windows-update-problemen\/"},"modified":"2024-10-13T19:03:59","modified_gmt":"2024-10-13T19:03:59","slug":"diagnose-von-windows-update-problemen","status":"publish","type":"script_hub","link":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/de\/script-hub\/diagnose-von-windows-update-problemen\/","title":{"rendered":"Guide zur Diagnose von Windows-Update-Problemen mit PowerShell"},"content":{"rendered":"

Die Diagnose von Windows-Update-Problemen kann f\u00fcr IT-Experten eine m\u00fchsame Aufgabe sein, insbesondere wenn sie mehrere Computer verwalten. Verz\u00f6gerungen oder Fehler im Aktualisierungsprozess k\u00f6nnen zu Sicherheitsl\u00fccken, Compliance-Problemen und allgemeiner Systeminstabilit\u00e4t f\u00fchren.<\/p>\n

Das mitgelieferte PowerShell<\/a>-Skript bietet einen optimierten Ansatz\u00a0zur Diagnose und Behebung h\u00e4ufiger Windows Update-Probleme<\/strong> und stellt sicher, dass die Systeme auf dem neuesten Stand und sicher bleiben. In diesem Blogbeitrag werden die Funktionen des Skripts n\u00e4her erl\u00e4utert und es wird aufgezeigt, wie es f\u00fcr IT-Experten und Managed Service Provider (MSPs)<\/a> ein unsch\u00e4tzbares Tool sein kann.<\/p>\n

Kontext<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Windows-Update ist eine wichtige Komponente f\u00fcr die Aufrechterhaltung des Zustands und der Sicherheit eines Windows-basierten Systems. Allerdings k\u00f6nnen verschiedene Faktoren den reibungslosen Betrieb behindern, von Fehlkonfigurationen der Services bis hin zu Netzwerkproblemen. IT-Experten stehen oft vor der anstrengenden Aufgabe, diese Probleme manuell zu beheben, was zeitaufw\u00e4ndig und anf\u00e4llig f\u00fcr menschliche Fehler<\/a> sein kann.<\/p>\n

Das bereitgestellte PowerShell-Skript l\u00f6st diese Herausforderung, indem es den Diagnoseprozess automatisiert und so sicherstellt, dass allgemeine Probleme schnell erkannt und behoben werden. Mithilfe dieses Skripts k\u00f6nnen IT-Teams die Systemintegrit\u00e4t aufrechterhalten, Ausfallzeiten reduzieren<\/a> und die Gesamteffizienz verbessern<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Das Skript:<\/h2>\n
#Requires -Version 5.1\r\n\r\n<#\r\n.SYNOPSIS\r\n    Diagnose Windows Update issues.\r\n.DESCRIPTION\r\n    Checks that CryptSvc, and bits or running or not\r\n    Checks that wuauserv is running and the startup type is set correctly.\r\n    Checks WaaSMedic plugins doesn't have issues. (Only applies to OS Build Version is greater than 17600).\r\n    Checks if NTP is setup.\r\n    Checks Windows Update logs for any errors in the last week.\r\n\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    (No Parameters)\r\n    ## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITHOUT PARAMS ##\r\n    [Info] Last checked for updates on 4\/29\/2023\r\n    [Issue] Windows Update has not checked for updates in over 30 days.\r\n\r\nPARAMETER: -ResultsCustomField WindowsUpdate\r\n    Saves results to a multi-line custom field.\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    -ResultsCustomField WindowsUpdate\r\n    ## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITH ResultsCustomField ##\r\n    [Info] Last checked for updates on 4\/29\/2023\r\n    [Issue] Windows Update has not checked for updates in over 90 days.\r\n.OUTPUTS\r\n    None\r\n.NOTES\r\n    Minimum OS Architecture Supported: Windows 10, Windows Server 2016\r\n    Release Notes: Initial Release\r\nBy using this script, you indicate your acceptance of the following legal terms as well as our Terms of Use at https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/terms-of-use.\r\n    Ownership Rights: NinjaOne owns and will continue to own all right, title, and interest in and to the script (including the copyright). NinjaOne is giving you a limited license to use the script in accordance with these legal terms. \r\n    Use Limitation: You may only use the script for your legitimate personal or internal business purposes, and you may not share the script with another party. \r\n    Republication Prohibition: Under no circumstances are you permitted to re-publish the script in any script library or website belonging to or under the control of any other software provider. \r\n    Warranty Disclaimer: The script is provided \u201cas is\u201d and \u201cas available\u201d, without warranty of any kind. NinjaOne makes no promise or guarantee that the script will be free from defects or that it will meet your specific needs or expectations. \r\n    Assumption of Risk: Your use of the script is at your own risk. You acknowledge that there are certain inherent risks in using the script, and you understand and assume each of those risks. \r\n    Waiver and Release: You will not hold NinjaOne responsible for any adverse or unintended consequences resulting from your use of the script, and you waive any legal or equitable rights or remedies you may have against NinjaOne relating to your use of the script. \r\n    EULA: If you are a NinjaOne customer, your use of the script is subject to the End User License Agreement applicable to you (EULA).\r\n#>\r\n\r\n[CmdletBinding()]\r\nparam (\r\n    [int]$Days = 30,\r\n    [string]$ResultsCustomField\r\n)\r\n\r\nbegin {\r\n    if ($env:Days) {\r\n        $Days = $env:Days\r\n    }\r\n    if ($env:resultscustomfield -notlike \"null\") {\r\n        $ResultsCustomField = $env:resultscustomfield\r\n    }\r\n    function Test-IsElevated {\r\n        $id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()\r\n        $p = New-Object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($id)\r\n        $p.IsInRole([System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)\r\n    }\r\n    function Test-WaaSMedic {\r\n        [CmdletBinding()]\r\n        param()\r\n        $WaaS = 0\r\n        Try {\r\n            $WaaS = New-Object -ComObject \"Microsoft.WaaSMedic.1\"\r\n        }\r\n        Catch {\r\n            Write-Host \"WaaS Medic Support: No\"\r\n        }\r\n    \r\n        Try {\r\n            if ($WaaS -ne 0) {\r\n                Write-Host \"WaaS Medic Support: Yes\"\r\n                $Plugins = $WaaS.LaunchDetectionOnly(\"Troubleshooter\")\r\n    \r\n                if ($Plugins -eq \"\") {\r\n                    [PSCustomObject]@{\r\n                        Id        = \"WaaSMedic\"\r\n                        Detected  = $false\r\n                        Parameter = @{\"error\" = $Plugins }\r\n                    }\r\n                }\r\n                else {\r\n                    [PSCustomObject]@{\r\n                        Id        = \"WaaSMedic\"\r\n                        Detected  = $true\r\n                        Parameter = @{\"error\" = $Plugins }\r\n                    }\r\n                    \"Plugins that might have errors: \" + $Plugins | Out-String | Write-Host\r\n                }\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n        Catch {\r\n            Write-Host \"WaaS Medic Detection: Failed\"\r\n        }\r\n        Finally {\r\n            # Release COM Object if we aren't running test cases\r\n            if (-not $env:NinjaPesterTesting) {\r\n                [System.Runtime.Interopservices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject($WaaS) | Out-Null\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n    function Get-TimeSyncType {\r\n        [string]$result = \"\"\r\n        [string]$registryKey = \"HKLM:\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\W32Time\\Parameters\"\r\n        [string]$registryKeyName = \"Type\"\r\n    \r\n        if ((Test-Path $registryKey -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {\r\n            $registryEntry = Get-Item -Path $registryKey -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue\r\n            if ($null -ne $registryEntry) {\r\n                return Get-ItemPropertyValue -Path $registryKey -Name $registryKeyName\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n        return $result\r\n    }\r\n    function Test-ConnectedToInternet {\r\n        $NLMType = [Type]::GetTypeFromCLSID('DCB00C01-570F-4A9B-8D69-199FDBA5723B')\r\n        $INetworkListManager = [Activator]::CreateInstance($NLMType)  \r\n        return ($INetworkListManager.IsConnectedToInternet -eq $true)\r\n    }\r\n    function Get-ComponentAndErrorCode([string]$msg) {\t\r\n        $Codes = [regex]::matches($msg, \"0x[a-f0-9a-f0-9A-F0-9A-F0-9]{6,8}\")\r\n        if ($Codes.count -gt 1) {\r\n            $CodeList = \"\"\r\n            # there can be more than one error code can be returned for the same component at once\r\n            foreach ($Code in $Codes) {\r\n                $CodeList += \"_\" + $Code\r\n            }\r\n            return $CodeList\r\n        }\r\n        else {\r\n            return $Codes[0].Value\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n    function Get-DatedEvents($EventLog) {\r\n        $DatedEvents = @()\r\n        if ($null -eq $EventLog) {\r\n            return $null \r\n        }\r\n        foreach ($Event in $EventLog) {\r\n            #$eventMsg = $event.Message\r\n            $DatedEvents += $Event.Message\r\n        }\r\n        return $DatedEvents\r\n    }\r\n    function Get-SystemEvents($EventSrc, $Time) {\r\n        $Events = Get-WinEvent -ProviderName $EventsSrc -ErrorAction 0 | Where-Object { ($_.LevelDisplayName -ne \"Information\") -and (($_.Id -eq 20) -or ($_.Id -eq 25)) -and ($_.TimeCreated -gt $Time) }\r\n        return $Events\r\n    }\r\n    function Get-HasWinUpdateErrorInLastWeek([switch]$AllLastWeekError) {\r\n        $Events = @()\r\n        $EventsSrc = \"Microsoft-Windows-WindowsUpdateClient\"\r\n        $startTime = (Get-Date) - (New-TimeSpan -Day 8)\r\n        $wuEvents = Get-SystemEvents $EventsSrc $startTime\r\n        if ($null -eq $wuEvents) {\r\n            return $null\r\n        }\r\n        $Events += Get-DatedEvents $wuEvents\r\n        $LatestError = Get-ComponentAndErrorCode $Events[0]\r\n        $ErrorList = @{}\r\n        $ErrorList.add(\"latest\", $LatestError)\r\n        if ($AllLastWeekError) {\r\n            foreach ($str in $Events) {\r\n                $ECode = Get-ComponentAndErrorCode $str\r\n                if ($null -ne $ECode -and !$ErrorList.ContainsValue($ECode)) {\r\n                    $ErrorList.add($ECode, $ECode)\r\n                }\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n        return $ErrorList\r\n    }\r\n    Function Get-LocalTime($UTCTime) {\r\n        $strCurrentTimeZone = (Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_TimeZone).StandardName\r\n        # If running test cases return current date\r\n        if ($env:NinjaPesterTesting) {\r\n            return Get-Date\r\n        }\r\n        $TZ = [System.TimeZoneInfo]::FindSystemTimeZoneById($strCurrentTimeZone)\r\n        Return [System.TimeZoneInfo]::ConvertTimeFromUtc($UTCTime, $TZ)\r\n    }\r\n    $IssuesFound = $false\r\n    $Log = [System.Collections.Generic.List[String]]::new()\r\n}\r\nprocess {\r\n    if (-not (Test-IsElevated)) {\r\n        Write-Error -Message \"Access Denied. Please run with Administrator privileges.\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if (-not $(Test-ConnectedToInternet)) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Issue] Windows doesn't think it is connected to Internet.\"\r\n        $IssuesFound = $true\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check CryptSvc amd bits services\r\n    $Service = Get-Service -Name CryptSvc\r\n    if ($Service.StartType -notlike 'Automatic') {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Issue] (CryptSvc) CryptSvc service is set to $($Service.StartType) but needs to be set to Automatic\"\r\n        $Log.Add(\"[Issue] (CryptSvc) CryptSvc service is set to $($Service.StartType) but needs to be set to Automatic\")\r\n        $IssuesFound = $true\r\n    }\r\n    else {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Info] (CryptSvc) CryptSvc service is set to $($Service.StartType)\"\r\n        $Log.Add(\"[Info] (CryptSvc) CryptSvc service is set to $($Service.StartType)\")\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    $Service = Get-Service -Name bits\r\n    if ($Service.StartType -eq 'Disabled') {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Issue] (bits) BITS service is set to $($Service.StartType) but needs to be set to Manual\"\r\n        $Log.Add(\"[Issue] (bits) BITS service is set to $($Service.StartType) but needs to be set to Manual\")\r\n        $IssuesFound = $true\r\n    }\r\n    else {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Info] (bits) BITS service is set to $($Service.StartType)\"\r\n        $Log.Add(\"[Info] (bits) BITS service is set to $($Service.StartType)\")\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check that Windows Update service is running and isn't disabled\r\n    $wuService = Get-Service -Name wuauserv -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue\r\n    if ($wuService.Status -ne \"Running\") {\r\n        $Service = Get-Service -Name wuauserv\r\n        if ($Service.StartType -eq 'Disabled') {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Issue] (wuauserv) Windows Update service is set to $($Service.StartType) but needs to be set to Automatic (Trigger Start) or Manual\"\r\n            $Log.Add(\"[Issue] (wuauserv) Windows Update service is set to $($Service.StartType) but needs to be set to Automatic (Trigger Start) or Manual\")\r\n            $IssuesFound = $true\r\n        }\r\n        else {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Info] (wuauserv) Windows Update service is set to $($Service.StartType)\"\r\n            $Log.Add(\"[Info] (wuauserv) Windows Update service is set to $($Service.StartType)\")\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check WaaSMedic\r\n    $SupportWaaSMedic = [System.Environment]::OSVersion.Version.Build -gt 17600\r\n    if ($SupportWaaSMedic) {\r\n        $Plugins = Test-WaaSMedic\r\n        $PluginIssues = $Plugins | Where-Object { $_.Parameter[\"error\"] } | ForEach-Object {\r\n            $PluginErrors = $_.Parameter[\"error\"]\r\n            \"[Potential Issue] WaaSMedic plugin errors found with: $($PluginErrors)\"\r\n        }\r\n        if ($PluginIssues.Count -gt 1) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Issue] Found more than 1 plugin errors.\"\r\n            $Log.Add(\"[Issue] Found more than 1 plugin errors.\")\r\n            $PluginIssues | Write-Host\r\n            $IssuesFound = $true\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check if NTP is setup\r\n    if (\"NoSync\" -eq (Get-TimeSyncType)) {\r\n        Write-Host \"[Issue] NTP not setup!\"\r\n        $Log.Add(\"[Issue] NTP not setup!\")\r\n        $IssuesFound = $true\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # Check Windows Update logs\r\n    $EventErrors = Get-HasWinUpdateErrorInLastWeek -AllLastWeekError\r\n    if ($EventErrors.Count -gt 0) {\r\n        if (![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($allError.Values)) {\r\n            Write-Host \"[Issue] Event Log has Windows Update errors.\"\r\n            $Log.Add(\"[Issue] Event Log has Windows Update errors.\")\r\n            $errorCodes = $allError.Values -join ';'\r\n            Write-Host \"[Issue] Error codes found: $errorCodes\"\r\n            $Log.Add(\"[Issue] Error codes found: $errorCodes\")\r\n            $IssuesFound = $true\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # If no issues found, get number of days since the last check for updates happened\r\n    if (-not $IssuesFound) {\r\n        $LastCheck = Get-LocalTime $(New-Object -ComObject Microsoft.Update.AutoUpdate).Results.LastSearchSuccessDate\r\n\r\n        Write-Host \"[Info] Last checked for updates on $($LastCheck.ToShortDateString())\"\r\n        $Log.Add(\"[Info] Last checked for updates on $($LastCheck.ToShortDateString())\")\r\n\r\n        $LastCheckTimeSpan = New-TimeSpan -Start $LastCheck -End $(Get-Date)\r\n        if ($LastCheckTimeSpan.TotalDays -gt $Days) {\r\n            $Days = [System.Math]::Round($LastCheckTimeSpan.TotalDays, 0)\r\n            Write-Host \"[Issue] Windows Update has not checked for updates in over $Days days.\"\r\n            $Log.Add(\"[Issue] Windows Update has not checked for updates in over $Days days.\")\r\n            $IssuesFound = $true\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if ($ResultsCustomField) {\r\n        Ninja-Property-Set -Name $ResultsCustomField -Value $($Log | Out-String)\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if ($IssuesFound) {\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n    exit 0\r\n}\r\nend {\r\n    \r\n    \r\n    \r\n}<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n\n
<\/h2>
<\/p><\/div>
<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n
Detailansicht<\/h2>\n
Das Skript f\u00fchrt eine Reihe von \u00dcberpr\u00fcfungen der wichtigsten Windows Update-Komponenten und -Services durch, die alle f\u00fcr das ordnungsgem\u00e4\u00dfe Funktionieren des Aktualisierungsprozesses erforderlich sind. Im Folgenden wird Schritt f\u00fcr Schritt erkl\u00e4rt, wie das Skript funktioniert:<\/p>\n
1. Berechtigungspr\u00fcfung<\/strong>: Das Skript beginnt mit der \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung, ob es mit Administratorrechten ausgef\u00fchrt wird, die erforderlich sind, um System-Services zu \u00e4ndern und auf bestimmte Protokolle zuzugreifen.<\/p>\n
2. \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Internetverbindung<\/strong>: Es wird gepr\u00fcft, ob das System mit dem Internet verbunden ist, eine Grundvoraussetzung f\u00fcr das Herunterladen von Updates.<\/p>\n
3. Service-Status-Checks<\/strong>:<\/p>\n