{"id":208570,"date":"2024-01-24T13:42:23","date_gmt":"2024-01-24T13:42:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/script-hub\/deaktivieren-des-microsoft-speicherplatzes-in-ihrem-netzwerk\/"},"modified":"2024-03-04T18:02:00","modified_gmt":"2024-03-04T18:02:00","slug":"deaktivieren-des-microsoft-speicherplatzes-in-ihrem-netzwerk","status":"publish","type":"script_hub","link":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/de\/script-hub\/deaktivieren-des-microsoft-speicherplatzes-in-ihrem-netzwerk\/","title":{"rendered":"Automatisierung der IT: Ein Skript zum Deaktivieren des Microsoft Store im gesamten Netzwerk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Die Verwaltung von Benutzerberechtigungen und Anwendungszugriff in einem Unternehmensnetzwerk kann eine schwierige und zeitraubende Aufgabe sein. Dennoch k\u00f6nnen Skripte, die diese Aufgaben automatisch erledigen, eine gro\u00dfe Hilfe f\u00fcr IT-Profis und Managed Service Provider (MSPs) sein. Heute konzentrieren wir uns auf ein PowerShell-Skript, mit dem der Windows Store<\/strong> f\u00fcr alle Benutzer:innen und neu erstellte Benutzer:innen mit AppLocker<\/a>deaktiviert werden kann. Dieses Skript ist auf Windows 10- und Server 2016-Systeme zugeschnitten und bietet mehrere konfigurierbare Optionen, wie z. B. den Ausschluss bestimmter Benutzer:innen und die Beschr\u00e4nkung auf bestehende Benutzer:innen.<\/p>\n

In diesem Blogbeitrag gehen wir auf die verschiedenen Aspekte des Skripts ein und erl\u00e4utern, warum es eine unsch\u00e4tzbare Erg\u00e4nzung f\u00fcr Ihre IT-Toolbox sein kann.<\/p>\n

Das Skript<\/h2>\n
#Requires -Version 5.1\r\n\r\n<#\r\n.SYNOPSIS\r\n    Disables the Windows Store for all users and newly created users using AppLocker. Can be given a comma separated list\r\n    of users to exclude.\r\n.DESCRIPTION\r\n    Disables the Windows Store for all users and newly created users using AppLocker. Can be given a comma separated list\r\n    of users to exclude.\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    (No Parameters)\r\n    \r\n    WARNING: Creating AppLocker rule for user or group \"Interactive\"...\r\n    Registry::HKEY_USERSDefaultProfileSoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStoreRemoveWindowsStore changed from 0 to 1\r\n    Registry::HKEY_USERSS-1-5-21-3870645062-3653562310-3850680542-1001SoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStoreRemoveWindowsStore changed from 0 to 1\r\n    Registry::HKEY_USERSS-1-5-21-3870645062-3653562310-3850680542-1002SoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStoreRemoveWindowsStore changed from 0 to 1\r\n\r\nPARAMETER: -ExcludeUsers \"Test1,Test2\"\r\n    A comma seperated list of users to exclude. Please note newly created users will not have the windows store disabled.\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    -ExcludeUsers \"Test1,Test2\"\r\n\r\n    WARNING: The Following Users and newly created users will not have the windows store disabled. Test1 Test2\r\n    Registry::HKEY_USERSS-1-5-21-3870645062-3653562310-3850680542-1002SoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStoreRemoveWindowsStore changed from 0 to 1\r\n    WARNING: Creating AppLocker rule for user or group \"tuser\"...\r\n\r\nPARAMETER: -ExistingUsersOnly\r\n    This will disable the Windows store for existing users only.\r\n.EXAMPLE\r\n    -ExistingUsersOnly\r\n\r\n    WARNING: Only existing users will have the windows store disabled!\r\n    Set Registry::HKEY_USERSS-1-5-21-3870645062-3653562310-3850680542-1001SoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStoreRemoveWindowsStore to 1\r\n    WARNING: Creating AppLocker rule for user or group \"kbohlander\"...\r\n    Set Registry::HKEY_USERSS-1-5-21-3870645062-3653562310-3850680542-1002SoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStoreRemoveWindowsStore to 1\r\n    WARNING: Creating AppLocker rule for user or group \"tuser\"...\r\n.OUTPUTS\r\n    None\r\n.NOTES\r\n    Minimum OS Architecture Supported: Windows 10, Server 2016\r\n    Release Notes:\r\n    Initial Release\r\nBy using this script, you indicate your acceptance of the following legal terms as well as our Terms of Use at https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/terms-of-use.\r\n    Ownership Rights: NinjaOne owns and will continue to own all right, title, and interest in and to the script (including the copyright). NinjaOne is giving you a limited license to use the script in accordance with these legal terms. \r\n    Use Limitation: You may only use the script for your legitimate personal or internal business purposes, and you may not share the script with another party. \r\n    Republication Prohibition: Under no circumstances are you permitted to re-publish the script in any script library or website belonging to or under the control of any other software provider. \r\n    Warranty Disclaimer: The script is provided \u201cas is\u201d and \u201cas available\u201d, without warranty of any kind. NinjaOne makes no promise or guarantee that the script will be free from defects or that it will meet your specific needs or expectations. \r\n    Assumption of Risk: Your use of the script is at your own risk. You acknowledge that there are certain inherent risks in using the script, and you understand and assume each of those risks. \r\n    Waiver and Release: You will not hold NinjaOne responsible for any adverse or unintended consequences resulting from your use of the script, and you waive any legal or equitable rights or remedies you may have against NinjaOne relating to your use of the script. \r\n    EULA: If you are a NinjaOne customer, your use of the script is subject to the End User License Agreement applicable to you (EULA).\r\n#>\r\n\r\n[CmdletBinding()]\r\nparam (\r\n    [Parameter()]\r\n    [String[]]$ExcludeUsers,\r\n    [Parameter()]\r\n    [Switch]$ExistingUsersOnly\r\n)\r\n\r\nbegin {\r\n    function Test-IsElevated {\r\n        $id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()\r\n        $p = New-Object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($id)\r\n        $p.IsInRole([System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function Test-IsSystem {\r\n        $id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()\r\n        return $id.Name -like \"NT AUTHORITY*\" -or $id.IsSystem\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if (!(Test-IsElevated) -and !(Test-IsSystem)) {\r\n        Write-Error -Message \"Access Denied. Please run with Administrator privileges.\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n    \r\n    # Setting up some functions to be used later.\r\n    function Set-HKProperty {\r\n        param (\r\n            $Path,\r\n            $Name,\r\n            $Value,\r\n            [ValidateSet('DWord', 'QWord', 'String', 'ExpandedString', 'Binary', 'MultiString', 'Unknown')]\r\n            $PropertyType = 'DWord'\r\n        )\r\n        if (-not $(Test-Path -Path $Path)) {\r\n            # Check if path does not exist and create the path\r\n            New-Item -Path $Path -Force | Out-Null\r\n        }\r\n        if ((Get-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -ErrorAction Ignore)) {\r\n            # Update property and print out what it was changed from and changed to\r\n            $CurrentValue = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -ErrorAction Ignore).$Name\r\n            try {\r\n                Set-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -Value $Value -Force -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction Stop | Out-Null\r\n            }\r\n            catch {\r\n                Write-Error \"[Error] Unable to Set registry key for $Name please see below error!\"\r\n                Write-Error $_\r\n                exit 1\r\n            }\r\n            Write-Host \"$Path$Name changed from $CurrentValue to $($(Get-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -ErrorAction Ignore).$Name)\"\r\n        }\r\n        else {\r\n            # Create property with value\r\n            try {\r\n                New-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -Value $Value -PropertyType $PropertyType -Force -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction Stop | Out-Null\r\n            }\r\n            catch {\r\n                Write-Error \"[Error] Unable to Set registry key for $Name please see below error!\"\r\n                Write-Error $_\r\n                exit 1\r\n            }\r\n            Write-Host \"Set $Path$Name to $($(Get-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -ErrorAction Ignore).$Name)\"\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # This will get all the registry path's for all actual users (not system or network service account but actual users.)\r\n    function Get-UserHives {\r\n        param (\r\n            [Parameter()]\r\n            [ValidateSet('AzureAD', 'DomainAndLocal', 'All')]\r\n            [String]$Type = \"All\",\r\n            [Parameter()]\r\n            [String[]]$ExcludedUsers,\r\n            [Parameter()]\r\n            [switch]$IncludeDefault\r\n        )\r\n\r\n        # User account SID's follow a particular patter depending on if they're azure AD or a Domain account or a local \"workgroup\" account.\r\n        $Patterns = switch ($Type) {\r\n            \"AzureAD\" { \"S-1-12-1-(d+-?){4}$\" }\r\n            \"DomainAndLocal\" { \"S-1-5-21-(d+-?){4}$\" }\r\n            \"All\" { \"S-1-12-1-(d+-?){4}$\" ; \"S-1-5-21-(d+-?){4}$\" } \r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # We'll need the NTuser.dat file to load each users registry hive. So we grab it if their account sid matches the above pattern. \r\n        $UserProfiles = Foreach ($Pattern in $Patterns) { \r\n            Get-ItemProperty \"HKLM:SOFTWAREMicrosoftWindows NTCurrentVersionProfileList*\" |\r\n                Where-Object { $_.PSChildName -match $Pattern } | \r\n                Select-Object @{Name = \"SID\"; Expression = { $_.PSChildName } }, \r\n                @{Name = \"UserHive\"; Expression = { \"$($_.ProfileImagePath)NTuser.dat\" } }, \r\n                @{Name = \"UserName\"; Expression = { \"$($_.ProfileImagePath | Split-Path -Leaf)\" } }\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # There are some situations where grabbing the .Default user's info is needed.\r\n        switch ($IncludeDefault) {\r\n            $True {\r\n                $DefaultProfile = \"\" | Select-Object UserName, SID, UserHive\r\n                $DefaultProfile.UserName = \"Default\"\r\n                $DefaultProfile.SID = \"DefaultProfile\"\r\n                $DefaultProfile.Userhive = \"$env:SystemDriveUsersDefaultNTUSER.DAT\"\r\n                $DefaultProfile | Where-Object { $ExcludedUsers -notcontains $_.UserName }\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        $UserProfiles | Where-Object { $ExcludedUsers -notcontains $_.UserName }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function New-WindowStoreBlock {\r\n        param(\r\n            [Parameter()]\r\n            [String]$User\r\n        )\r\n\r\n        Write-Warning \"Creating AppLocker rule for user or group `\"$User`\"...\"\r\n        [xml]$AppLockerTemplate = Get-AppXPackage -AllUsers -Name \"Microsoft.WindowsStore\" | Get-AppLockerFileInformation | New-AppLockerPolicy -User \"$User\" -Optimize -Xml\r\n        $AppLockerTemplate.AppLockerPolicy.RuleCollection.EnforcementMode = \"Enabled\"\r\n        $AppLockerTemplate.AppLockerPolicy.RuleCollection.FilePublisherRule.Action = \"Deny\"\r\n        $AppLockerTemplate.AppLockerPolicy.RuleCollection.FilePublisherRule.Conditions.FilePublisherCondition.BinaryVersionRange.LowSection = \"*\"\r\n        $AppLockerTemplate.Save(\"$env:TEMPapplocker.xml\")\r\n        Set-AppLockerPolicy -XmlPolicy \"$env:TEMPapplocker.xml\" -Merge\r\n        Remove-Item \"$env:TEMPapplocker.xml\"\r\n    }\r\n}\r\nprocess {\r\n    if ($env:ExistingUsersOnly) { $ExistingUsersOnly = $env:ExistingUsersOnly }\r\n    # This registry key only works sometimes. It's worth setting if its an older windows build or has an older version of the store installed.\r\n    $Path = \"SoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStore\"\r\n    $Name = \"RemoveWindowsStore\"\r\n    $Value = 1\r\n    \r\n    # Get each user profile SID and Path to the profile. If there are any exclusions we'll have to take them into account.\r\n    if ($ExcludeUsers -or $env:ExcludeUsers -or $ExistingUsersOnly) {\r\n        if ($env:ExcludeUsers) {\r\n            $ToBeExcluded = @()\r\n            $ToBeExcluded += $env:ExcludeUsers.split(\",\").trim()\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        if ($ExcludeUsers) {\r\n            $ToBeExcluded = @()\r\n            $ToBeExcluded += $ExcludeUsers.split(\",\").trim()\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        if ($ToBeExcluded) { \r\n            Write-Warning \"The Following Users and newly created users will not have the windows store disabled. $ToBeExcluded\"\r\n            $UserProfiles = Get-UserHives -ExcludedUsers $ToBeExcluded \r\n        }\r\n        elseif ($ExistingUsersOnly) { \r\n            Write-Warning \"Only existing users will have the windows store disabled!\"\r\n            $UserProfiles = Get-UserHives \r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n    else {\r\n        $UserProfiles = Get-UserHives -IncludeDefault\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    [xml]$AppLockerXML = '<AppLockerPolicy Version=\"1\"><RuleCollection Type=\"Appx\" EnforcementMode=\"Enabled\"><FilePublisherRule Id=\"a9e18c21-ff8f-43cf-b9fc-db40eed693ba\" Name=\"(Default Rule) All signed packaged apps\" Description=\"Allows members of the Everyone group to run packaged apps that are signed.\" UserOrGroupSid=\"S-1-1-0\" Action=\"Allow\"><Conditions><FilePublisherCondition PublisherName=\"*\" ProductName=\"*\" BinaryName=\"*\"><BinaryVersionRange LowSection=\"0.0.0.0\" HighSection=\"*\" \/><\/FilePublisherCondition><\/Conditions><\/FilePublisherRule><\/RuleCollection><\/AppLockerPolicy>'\r\n    $AppLockerXML.Save(\"$env:TEMPapplocker.xml\")\r\n    Set-AppLockerPolicy -XmlPolicy \"$env:TEMPapplocker.xml\" -Merge\r\n    Remove-Item \"$env:TEMPapplocker.xml\"\r\n\r\n    if (!$ToBeExcluded -and !$ExistingUsersOnly) {\r\n        New-WindowStoreBlock -User \"Interactive\"\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    $script:DisabledWinRun = $true\r\n    $failedUsers = @()\r\n    # Loop through each profile on the machine\r\n    Foreach ($UserProfile in $UserProfiles) {\r\n        # Load User ntuser.dat if it's not already loaded\r\n        If (($ProfileWasLoaded = Test-Path Registry::HKEY_USERS$($UserProfile.SID)) -eq $false) {\r\n            Start-Process -FilePath \"cmd.exe\" -ArgumentList \"\/C reg.exe LOAD HKU$($UserProfile.SID) `\"$($UserProfile.UserHive)`\"\" -Wait -WindowStyle Hidden\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        # Manipulate the registry\r\n        $key = \"Registry::HKEY_USERS$($UserProfile.SID)$($Path)\"\r\n        Set-HKProperty -Path $key -Name $Name -Value $Value -PropertyType DWord\r\n\r\n        # This will be our applocker policy we'll need to tweak it prior to running it\r\n        if ($UserProfile.SID -notlike \"DefaultProfile\") {\r\n            if ($ToBeExcluded -or $ExistingUsersOnly) {\r\n                New-WindowStoreBlock -User \"$($UserProfile.UserName)\"\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        if ($(Get-ItemProperty -Path $key -Name $Name -ErrorAction Ignore).$Name -ne $Value) {\r\n            $script:DisabledWinRun = $false\r\n            $failedUsers += $UserProfile.UserName\r\n        }\r\n        \r\n        # Unload NTuser.dat\r\n        If ($ProfileWasLoaded -eq $false) {\r\n            [gc]::Collect()\r\n            Start-Sleep 1\r\n            Start-Process -FilePath \"cmd.exe\" -ArgumentList \"\/C reg.exe UNLOAD HKU$($UserProfile.SID)\" -Wait -WindowStyle Hidden | Out-Null\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n    \r\n    Start-Process -FilePath \"cmd.exe\" -ArgumentList \"\/C sc config `\"AppIDSvc`\" start=auto & net start `\"AppIDSvc`\"\" -WindowStyle Hidden | Out-Null\r\n    Start-Sleep -Seconds 30\r\n    if ($script:DisabledWinRun) {\r\n        # All $UserProfiles updated\r\n        exit 0\r\n    }\r\n    else {\r\n        $failedUsers | ForEach-Object { Write-Error \"Failed to update user `\"$_`\"\" }\r\n        Write-Error \"One or more user profiles failed to update\"\r\n        exit 1\r\n    }\r\n}\r\nend {}<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n\n
Zugriff auf \u00fcber 300 Skripte im NinjaOne Dojo<\/p>\n
Zugang erhalten<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Hauptmerkmale des Skripts<\/h2>\n
Pr\u00fcfung auf erh\u00f6hte Berechtigungen<\/h3>\n
Bevor das Skript \u00c4nderungen vornehmen kann, pr\u00fcft es, ob es mit Administratorrechten ausgef\u00fchrt wird. Dies ist wichtig, um \u00c4nderungen an Systemeinstellungen und Benutzerkonten vorzunehmen.<\/p>\n
Flexibilit\u00e4t bei Benutzerausschl\u00fcssen<\/h3>\n
Wenn Sie die Einstellungen nicht auf alle Benutzer:innen anwenden m\u00f6chten, haben Sie die M\u00f6glichkeit, eine durch Komma getrennte Liste von Benutzer:innen anzugeben, die ausgeschlossen werden sollen.<\/p>\n
Option nur f\u00fcr bestehende Benutzer:innen<\/h3>\n
Wenn Sie es vorziehen, dass neu erstellte Konten nicht betroffen sind, gibt es auch daf\u00fcr einen Parameter.<\/p>\n
Manipulation der Registrierung<\/h3>\n
Das Skript nutzt die Windows-Registrierung, um Richtlinien\u00e4nderungen durchzusetzen, und stellt sicher, dass diese tief verwurzelt sind und Systemneustarts \u00fcberstehen.<\/p>\n
AppLocker-Integration<\/h3>\n
Das Skript geht \u00fcber einfache Registrierungs\u00e4nderungen hinaus, indem es auch eine AppLocker-Regel erstellt, um den Windows Store zu blockieren, was eine zus\u00e4tzliche Sicherheitsebene darstellt.<\/p>\n
Wie MSPs davon profitieren k\u00f6nnen<\/h2>\n
Kundenspezifische Anpassung<\/h3>\n
Mit der Option, bestimmte Benutzer:innen auszuschlie\u00dfen, k\u00f6nnen MSPs das Verhalten des Skripts an die individuellen Bed\u00fcrfnisse jedes Kunden anpassen.<\/p>\n
Skalierbarkeit<\/h3>\n
Egal, ob Sie ein kleines Unternehmensnetzwerk oder ein multinationales Unternehmen verwalten, dieses Skript l\u00e4sst sich dank seiner Automatisierungsfunktionen m\u00fchelos skalieren.<\/p>\n
Einhaltung der Vorschriften<\/h3>\n
In vielen Branchen gibt es strenge Compliance-Richtlinien, die die Nutzung von Anwendungen einschr\u00e4nken. Dieses Skript hilft bei der Einhaltung dieser Vorschriften, indem es den Zugriff auf nicht autorisierte Anwendungen aus dem Windows Store blockiert.<\/p>\n
Mehrwert-Service<\/h3>\n
MSPs k\u00f6nnen dies als Teil ihres Sicherheitspakets anbieten und so ihren Service f\u00fcr potenzielle Kunden attraktiver machen.<\/p>\n
Zusammenfassung<\/h2>\n
Sicherheit und Compliance sind zwei Seiten derselben Medaille im IT-Management<\/a>. Dieses PowerShell-Skript erleichtert beides, indem es den Prozess der Deaktivierung des Windows-Speichers f\u00fcr mehrere Benutzerkonten automatisiert, mit anpassbaren Optionen f\u00fcr verschiedene Anwendungsf\u00e4lle. Sowohl IT-Fachleute als auch MSPs<\/a> k\u00f6nnen durch die Integration dieses Skripts in ihre regul\u00e4ren Arbeitsabl\u00e4ufe erhebliche Zeiteinsparungen, verbesserte Sicherheit und eine optimierte Verwaltung erzielen.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":206955,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":""},"operating_system":[4212],"use_cases":[4309],"class_list":["post-208570","script_hub","type-script_hub","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","script_hub_category-windows","use_cases-benutzerinnen-und-zugangsverwaltung"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/script_hub\/208570","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/script_hub"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/script_hub"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/35"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=208570"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/206955"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=208570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"script_hub_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/operating_system?post=208570"},{"taxonomy":"use_cases","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ninjaone.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/use_cases?post=208570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}